“Hawk Roosting” and “Golden Retrievals” Essay

In the two poems Ted Hughes’s, â€Å"Hawk Roosting,† and Mark Doty’s, â€Å"Golden Retrievals†, the writers use tone and visual imagery to present the animals’ unique point of view in the poems. The tone of â€Å"Hawk Roosting† is powerful, sinister, and arrogant compared to the lighthearted, playful tone that is set in â€Å"Golden Retrievals.† The hawk’s monologue in â€Å"Hawk Roosting† shows how the Hawk sees the world with such power and a sense of ownership as he tells the reader that he â€Å"kills where [he pleases] because it is all [his]† (line 14), in difference the k-9 in â€Å"Golden Retrievals† who sees it in a playful and distracted manner. The egoistic narrator in â€Å"Hawk Roosting† is a hawk that uses imagery make the reader envision the world from his eyes. The reader can imagine the narrator’s â€Å"each feather/ hooked head and/ feet locked upon the rough bark† (4, 9, 11). The wording seen during the course of the poem â€Å"Hawk roosting† creates an image for the role that the Hawk thinks he plays in the world. The Hawk views the world from â€Å"the top of the wood† and as the Hawk is able to fly he â€Å"the earth’s face [is] upward for [his] inspection† (8) showing his excellent view of his surroundings and how he views the world as his own. In â€Å"Golden Retrievals† the distracted narrator paints a picture in the reader’s mind of how many objects he encounters and allows the reader to imagine the dog constantly chasing after a new object on a daily basis. He â€Å"sniff[s] the wind, then/ [is] off again† (4-5) while the owner is â€Å"sunk in the past, half [their] walk,/ thinking of what [the owner] never can bring back† (7-8). In contrast to the Hawk, the Golden retriever is much more of a carefree character. The wording used in this poem is much more energetic than the diction seen in â€Å"Hawk Roosting.† The narrator speaks of things that remind the reader of dogs and their nature such as â€Å"Fetch, Balls and sticks, [Bunnies], a squirrel†. Hughes uses a dark tone to portray the hawk as a very powerful, wild, and sinister animal. The Hawk states, â€Å"There is no sophistry in my body:/ My manners are tearing all heads-† (15-16) showing how he views himself as a ruthless king of the earth and the â€Å"whole of Creation† (10). In opposition  to Hughes, Doty uses a more playful and distracted tone to depict a character who is concerned with fetching and is easily distracted because â€Å"Balls and sticks capture [his] attention/seconds at a time†(1-2). The Dog views himself as a friend to its owner, and although the Dog is distracted with running, chasing squirrels, and fetching, the Dog also is aware of its owner Doty uses the playful thoughts of a dog while Hughes contrasts with the stark thoughts of a commanding hawk. These opposing characterizations help the narrators convey very different animalistic perspectives of the world. While the Hawk views the world with ownership, the Dog is easily di stracted by passing objects and enjoys the little things in life.

Is the Classical Approach to Management Obsolete? Essay

This essay argues the validity of the classical approach to management today. We cannot deny that businesses and organisations have evolved and changed a lot since the classical theorists, which date from the early twentieth century, but yet the main ideas about management that they gave to society are still sustainable today. The classical organisation theory represents the merger of scientific management, bureaucratic theory, and administrative theory. (Walonick,1993). Classical theorists suggested a â€Å"one best way† to organise and manage, which is called â€Å"structural universalism† (Organisational Behaviour). These theorists were really concerned about the formal processes inside the business, they put emphasis on rationality and on the lack of consideration for human aspects. This doesn’t mean that the classics were heartless, but they cared more about the organisation as a whole than on the employers themselves. (Boland, 2012). By classical theorists in this essay we are going to base in one of the most significant representatives, Henri Fayol, who stated that there were five main elements of management: planning, organising, commanding, coordinating and controlling (Fayol, 1949). Thus, these functions are commonly known as the elements or processes that the classical theorists say that management is about. Another classical perspective useful in this essay would be the Taylor’s one, who can be defined as the father of the scientific management (F.W. Taylor, 1917), which was about finding the one â€Å"best way† to perform each task, carefully matching each worker to each task, closely supervise workers, using reward and punishment as motivators, and, finally, he referred to the task of management as planning and controlling. Even though this classical perspective has been very criticised by many authors (Mintzberg, Kotter, Stewart, etc.), the reasons that they have given to invalidate that classical perspective aren’t really coherent because they don’t certainly provide a different idea of how to manage or how do the managers act. It is true that in his article (Mintzberg, 1975), Mintzberg categorises managerial activities into three different groups –interpersonal, informational and decisional- but at the end he doesn’t really contradicts what Fayol said. In fact, as M.J. Fells argued in his  article (Fayol stands the test of time) Mintzberg â€Å"tends to confirm rather than deny the classical views.† Therefore, having explained the classics’ and the contemporaneous’ views of management, we can confirm that the real and basic statements are the ones given by the first ones. Furthermore, if this idea doesn’t really convince the reader, Fayol said that there was no limit on the number of management principles and that they should be flexible and adaptable to any need (Fells, 2000), so that makes his definition even more general and suitable as time goes by. Thus, to sum up and in accordance to everything explained above, the reflexion made by Fells in his article â€Å"Fayol stands the test of life† fits quite well to conclude this essay: â€Å"Fayol’s principles may indeed be relevant today and should not be ignored until they have been superseded or refuted† So as they haven’t actually been superseded nor even refuted we can continue trusting them. References: Boland, A. (2012, October). Introduction to Management and Organisations. Lecture 3 – The classical theorists. Brooks, I., (2009), Organisational Behaviour – Individuals, Groups and the Organisation 4th Edition. London, FT Prentice-Hall. Fayol, H, (1949) General and industrial management. (C. Storrs, Trans,), London, England: Pitman Fells, M.J (2000). Fayol stands the test of time, Journal of Management History, vol. 6, No.8, pp. 345-360 Mintzberg, H. (1975). The Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact. Harvard Business Review , pp. 49-61. Taylor, F. W. 1917. The Principles of Scientific Management. New York: Harper. Walonick, D.S., (1993), Organizational Theory and Behaviour.

Communications Scenario Essay

Effective office communications are not always easy. To communicate with one’s coworkers in a manner that is professional and efficient takes effort on all parties involved in the conversation. When speaking to a member of the opposite sex, one must be aware that differences exist in the way in which messages are sent and how messages are received. In the attached scenario, two peers must work together to run the business while their manager is away. Unfortunately, the communication between Mary and Steve in the scenario below was not very successful, professional, or effective. 1. If Steve were addressing a male coworker instead of Mary, would he have chosen to communicate in the same way? Men and women communicate differently. Because this has been proven in multiple studies throughout the years, one should recognize this and be aware of these differences when dealing with members of the opposite sex in business communication opportunities. Unfortunately, emotions tend to overcome common sense sometimes and communication breakdowns occur. Cynthia Burggraf Torppa, PhD, (n. . ) states that â€Å"Although at times differences in women’s and men’s communication styles seem to be constant and overwhelming, they are really quite minor. For example, both women and men can be nurturing, aggressive, task-focused, or sentimental. What is important to think about, however, is that women and men sometimes perceive the same messages to have different meanings. In fact, it may be as a result of the differences in message interpretation that the â€Å"battle of the sexes† occurs. Studies indicate that women, to a greater extent than men, are sensitive to the interpersonal meanings that lie â€Å"between the lines† in the messages they exchange with their mates. † If Steve were addressing a male coworker, he would have spoken the same way. What should have happened differently is that Steve should have been more aware of how Mary would have responded to the way he presented his problem. Men and women could more effectively communicate if the opposite sex had a heightened awareness to how each interprets messages differently. Men, because they tend to compartmentalize their communication into a smaller part of the brain, tend to be better at getting right to the issue, the more female brain (will) gather a lot of material, gather a lot of information, feel a lot, hear a lot, sense a lot. † (Gurian, 2005) 2. If Mary was treated in the same fashion by a female coworker, would she have responded in the same way? Mary may have reacted somewhat differently if this communication had occurred with a female coworker. She may have been more at ease communicating with another woman. However, in times of stress, people react in different ways. Many women, like Mary, tend to like to confide in others in order to obtain someone else’s point of view on the situation while others may choose to confront the situation head-on in an attempt to find a solution that makes everyone happy. 3. How was this exchange perceived by the male and female employees who overheard it? If others overheard this exchange, the males and females may have had very different view of how the communication was handled and what the real message being sent was. Many have said that women tend to let their personal feelings get too involved in the work environment and tend to take things personally. Men, on the other hand, are said to be able to not let personal feelings get in the way. Other women who may have overheard the exchange may tend to side with Mary, perceiving Steve as being a â€Å"typical man† who is unable to communicate his feelings in an adult fashion. Other men who may have overheard the exchange may have wondered what the problem was but would have been more inclined to ignore the exchange. Employees who observed Mary’s action of resorting to seek comfort from another female employee may believe that Mary is insecure about her role as a manager. As acting managers, both Steve and Mary should have kept the differences out of the view of teammates. Employees should not be witness to a disagreement between two managers and the destruction of the reputation is furthered by the way Mary sought comfort by discussing the situation with a coworker and by Steve slamming the door. While the CFO is away, Mary and Steve need to have a private conversation to work through the differences that have been displayed. Good communication skills and listening skills will be critical in this situation. Each will have to â€Å"flex† their normal personality styles to be able to communicate effectively and work through this scenario. A solid front must be presented to the rest of the team so show that issues can be worked through and that both Mary and Steve are capable of being in charge in the CFO’s absence. Scenario Mary Smith and Steve Johnson have equal roles in management positions at Company X, Y, and Z. They have been asked to work and make decisions together, while the CFO is away on business. An issue has developed, on which Mary and Steve disagree. While discussing the issue on the phone with Mary, Steve abruptly yells, â€Å"You aren’t listening to me,† and hangs up. A shocked Mary goes to another female employee to discuss how unfairly she feels she is being treated by Steve. Meanwhile, Steve has slammed his office door to brood alone. Do Mary and Steve not like one another? Do they not work well together? The answer is probably no to both questions. The cause of the distress is likely due to the ineffectiveness of their inter-gender communication, fueled in part by the stressful task of filling in for the CFO. Mary and Steve were communicating in stereotypical male/female patterns. Steve aggressively vented his anger at Mary and Mary meekly retreated to the solace of a fellow female employee, instead of confronting Steve. Each individual is unique; however, there are biological, social and cultural factors that influence how we communicate with the opposite sex.

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Homework - Essay Example The western wing on the other hand contains the stairwell and smoke tower. The base of the building has intertwined truss system that helps in enhancing the stability of the entire structure in case of any earthquake. The building also has an X-bracing on the top, which assists in resisting torsion movement about the vertical axis of the building (Irvine). The construction process of the Transamerica Pyramid involved the use of various materials deemed as of great quality. Before lying of the first material, the point where the building stands was excavated to a depth of 52 feet. The bottom of the building has complicated system of steel rod reinforcements exceeding 300 miles thickness. About 16000 cubic yards of solid concrete covers the system of the reinforced steel rods. The entire base concrete of the Transamerica Pyramid is in such a way that the entire building moves in case of earthquake. The movement helps in distributing the shockwaves thus reducing damages (EMPROIS). The external parts of the Transamerica Pyramid are fixed with aggregates of quartz that form panels. There are also some rods designed to reinforce the panels at four points on every floor. There is also systematic spacing of the panels that helps in ensuring lateral movement of the building in case of earthquake or tremor. The panels comprises of aluminum louvered structures. The louvered aluminum panels projects to the top to form a 64 meters high spire (EMPROIS). The 48th floor of the building has conference room that provides 360-degree aerial view of the city. The entire external part of the building is white in color. I am always attracted to Transamerica Pyramid because of numerous features the building exhibits. First, I have found it fantastic to explore how the fifth floor of the building happen to be the largest floor and not the first or the second. Logically thinking and considering the shape of the building, the largest floor ought to

Online Gambling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Online Gambling - Essay Example In Australia, gaming machine gambling turnover is a major one across all the gambling forms; the turnover is around $ 107,924 million. The essay aims to provide an insight into the internet gambling in Australia with a discussion of its advantages and disadvantages. This essay starts with an introduction to the Australian online gambling industry. A conclusion has been inferred from the analysis part. Online Gambling in Australia: The roots of the same Ever since the first European settlers had arrived on shore, gambling has become an inherent part of Australian culture. British influence has given considerable contribution to give gambling a firm ground for its establishment and enlargement. Quickly it became significantly popular form of entertainment in Australia. In the 1980’s, in Australia, gambling was present in a number of organised forms. So, it was quite natural that Australia would emerge as one of those first countries who would get their hands on these newly intro duced technologies, allowing them to get indulge into internet gambling. On 8th April, 1999, Australia became the first country across the globe to legalize the online gambling. â€Å"Not only was Australia the first country to legalize online gambling under a fully regulated jurisdiction, but Lasseters Online is also the world's first internet casino to be operated by a land-based casino, situated in the Northern Territory† (Online Casino Archives, 2008). Lasseters had its belief in the online gaming industry. From day one, the company realised the prospectus of the international gambling. Even before other Australian states, it has opened its doors to the international customers. The Australian government swiftly appreciated the potential market success... The public and legal gambling history of Australia began in the early period of nineteenth century. The history started off with gambling on horse racing. In the year 1810, the first publicly organised race meeting was held in New South Wales. In the year 1861, the Melbourne cup, a globally recognised race, was first introduced in Victoria. In the early twentieth century, lotteries were introduced. In the year 1920, the Golden casket lottery was established by the Queensland Government. The very first regulated online casino started off in the year 1999. Since the 1990s, the expansion of gambling has experienced a considerable growth; this has been true for Australia and several other countries. At this time, the electronic gaming machines had been introduced in the hotels and casinos across Australia. In the year 1956, these were introduced in the Australian clubs. At the first stage, gaming machines were not originally introduced in the hotels as these do not have the same communit y focus or the same types of community engagements as the Australian clubs. For the clubs the gambling was the most significant activity to earn revenue while in hotels and casinos the trend was to serve beer and other alcohol. In this new era, the gaming machines have developed a lot to introduce a highly sophisticated computer programmed machines. The modern and technically enhanced gaming machines can be programmed to offer small wins to maintain the excitement.This also helps the participants to be hopeful of large wins. Presently, Australia seems to be one of the most attractive online gambling location in entire Oceania as the country got several licensed internet gambling sites. Gambling has a very long history. Since the inception, gambling has emerged as a controversial issue.

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 8

Research paper - Essay Example It is assumed ‘A training program for newly hired employees will increase their ability to learn job-related skills’. Employee training is significant to the study of leadership because it is associated with the employee-oriented type of leadership. An employee-oriented leader concentrates on motivating individual staff in their jobs and involves them in decision-making. This style of leadership permits leaders to be worried about the wants of their staff and pay close attention to their interests and attitudes. In addition, a leader endeavor to increase productivity through improved work environment and conditions. Moreover, a leader utilizing this style, increases production by resolving the difficulties encountered by employees in the course of their job implementation (Palestini, 2009). The research design formulated for this research focus on finding out how employee training of new workers will increase their job-related skills. The research design uses a qualitative interview method that utilizes research questions. The qualitative interview includes a description of the research questions. Likewise, the qualitative interview will use an interview guide to collect information from the participants. In addition, it will comprise of a short explanations of the research participants and the techniques of data collection.â€Æ' The importance of this research is to prove the validity of the assumption that a training program for newly hired workers will expand their ability to learn job-related skills. There is no person who is perfect at the time he or she is hired, and hence some form of training is necessary. From the r of an organization, there is no alternative on whether to empower staff or not. This is because the success and existence of a company in a dynamic environment depend in a persistence state of expansion of its resources. Employees are part and parcel of an

Democratic Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Democratic Society - Essay Example Even people, that belong to one family and share the same genes frequently disagree with one another over petty matters and often fight. Thus, if people can have such a hilarious argument on the level of a family, what would happen if everybody stood up and started uttering rubbish without even having complete sense and understanding of the underlying factors that caused the government to move in a certain direction? Besides, the fact that the single most significant driving factor of democracy is majority encapsulates many threats for the society as a whole. This means that any community or group can expand by making its representatives grow in number and can thus, decide for all of the other communities that are in minorities. There is no doubt in the fact that in a democratic setup, the opposition also assumes a lot of power but definitely not as much as the people representing the majority do. Aristotle explains the problems resulting from excessive democracy in these words: For while it is possible for one or a few to be outstandingly virtuous, it is difficult for a larger number to be accomplished in every virtue, but it can be so in military virtue in particular †¦ tyranny is rule by one person for the benefit of the monarch, oligarchy is for the benefit of the rich, and democracy is for the benefit of the poor. But none is for their common profit. (Aristotle cited in Nef 3). Too much democracy is extremely harmful for liberty. Liberty signifies the degree to which an individual can take independent decision without much interference of the society or the government. In such a society, businesses are not quite accountable for their actions to the people or to the state because liberalism provides them with the right to do their job without external influence. When democracy becomes strong beyond limits, it challenges liberalism because every individual in the society has to respect the decision of the majority. Too

Compare and contrast the development of Ecuadors indigenous political Essay

Compare and contrast the development of Ecuadors indigenous political movement with the development of nationalism throughtout south america in the 20th century - Essay Example It was in the fag end of 19th century that South America went through a process of modernization and nationalism emerged as a new shade in its socio-political horizon1. This is what Snyder2 has called as the â€Å"transformation of nationalism from its oligarchic to a new populist form.† The Latin American countries rapidly modernized their infrastructure, transportation facilities grew, industries mushroomed, and there was a change over from â€Å"feudal agrarianism to urban industrialism.† 3 But this was not the case in Ecuador. A transformation similar to what happened in Chile, Argentina or Mexico came into Ecuador only in 1970s. Even when the change came, it was not based on bourgeois nationalism as it was the case in almost all other South American countries. Ecuador had largely remained a feudal agrarian nation until the third half of 20th century. King 4 has observed that the indigenous political movement in Ecuador has been a consequence of the revelation in 19 70s that that this land had rich petroleum resources. Once, the outside pressure mounted to exploit those resources, the economic and cultural well being of the native people came under threat 5 It was out of this struggle for survival that one of the world’s strongest political movements emerged. 6 The development of a politically active and aware middle class was another phenomenon that Latin American countries witnessed in 20th century.7 In the first half of the 20th century, the whole of Latin America had seen a fresh revival of active political movements. 8 But at that time, Ecuador was not moved by that social dynamics9. The movement that shook Latin America had roots in ethnicity and was called the indigenista movement 10. All the same it had derived its essence from the European enlightenment as well11 And this movement was anchored on nationalism and bourgeois

Private Security Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Private Security Law - Essay Example Private security agencies have played a vital role in preventing, detecting and investigating instances of crime on the employer’s premises (Dempsey, 2010). Private security agencies have engaged in activities such as cash transportation, building surveillance using closed circuit televisions (CCTVs) and alarm systems, and private investigation of crime (Dempsey, 2010). Private security law is contained in the Private Security Officer Employment Authorization Act of 2004, which licenses and provides guidelines for the operation of private security services and agencies (Dempsey, 2010). When it is necessary to search an individual on your employer’s premises, there are certain legal risks which the security persons should be concerned about. These legal risks present potential causes of action against the personnel. Laws protect individuals from being searched, since security personnel are not authorized to search individuals for the purpose of finding evidence to arrest them (Maxwell, 1992). To have an opportunity to conduct the search, security personnel should first detain the individual after discovering the ongoing crime (Maxwell, 1992). Security personnel should not assist in, or allow any opportunity of, disposing the items stolen from the premises. According to Penal Code 846, a member of security personnel is allowed to search for weapons only if he or she believes that he or she is in physical danger after detaining the suspect. The searching officer must be in uniform and a badge to avoid any misunderstanding between him and the suspect (Dempsey, 2010). Some potential risks that can lead to criminal liability during the search include intimidation of the suspect to make him or her cooperate and confess the crime (Maxwell, 1992). Another potential risk includes the use of excessive physical force which is unreasonable in restraining the suspects who resist the search (Pastor, 2007). Use of excessive and unreasonable force will lead to bot h criminal and civil liability of the private security personnel. For instance, discharging a firearm and shooting the suspect in order to ensure the safety of the employer’s property will lead to criminal liability, since deadly force is only permissible in protecting human life (Maxwell, 1992). The use of unauthorized deadly weapons such as switch-blade knives and guns will also lead to criminal liability. For instance, proprietary security guards are usually unarmed and thus cannot carry or use any weapons such as knives, batons and guns during the search, since they are deadly weapons. The unlawful use of defensive weapons like batons or making misdemeanor arrest will lead to criminal liability, since the security guard has not actually observed the suspect committing the crime (Maxwell, 1992). If the there is a reason to believe that a particular employee of your employer was engaging in anonymous harassment of a co-worker and you wanted to confront the individual in a m eeting in your office, there are several steps that you can undertake in order to reduce the legal exposure of the company by the alleged harasser arising from the meeting. The investigator should desist from spreading any rumors, gossip or false statements about the alleged harasser and should conduct fair and impartial investigations before the meeting in order to avoid causing personal harm to the alleged haras

Mobile Phone Essay Example for Free

Mobile Phone Essay Some people say that the mobile phone has been the best technology since the development of the computer. However, having a mobile has both pros and cons. On the plus side is that the mobile phone has become popular to everybody since it is very convenient. The most advantage of having a mobile phone is you can communicate to your family and your friends no matter what where you are. For instance, you can contact easily to your friends by calling or sending messages everywhere without electricity. It is maybe the main reason why almost all people today choose to own a mobile phone. From the customer’s point of view, it is obvious that mobile phones assist you in business a lot, such as, make schedule of working, surf the internet, and keep in touch with their companies. Moreover, you can relax with mobile phone’s applications, for example, play games, listen to music, or chat with your friends. On the other hand, there are also disadvantages. Using a lot mobile phone can harm your brain, particularly teenager and children who are under 16 years old. If you use mobile phones too much, you will get bad effects like dizzy, blood-brain barrier, or ears problems. In addition, when you use mobile phones while you are driving, you will get an accident. It is essential not good for you and others. Moreover, â€Å"radiations emitted from the phone are dead harmful for the eardrum†, has proved by many scientist. In conclusion, the invention of mobile phones has changed our lives, whether in positive or negative ways depending on how we use them. People should not overuse them so that they will not be vulnerable to phone addiction and save money. Also, it plays an important in our life and we cannot deny that it has been helping us greatly.

Screening of Refractive Errors Models

Screening of Refractive Errors Models Original Article Student Research Communiquà © TITLE: Comparison of two models for screening of Refractive errors in school going children of rural area in Vadodara, Gujarat Abstract:- Introduction Globally there is 18.2% of blindness due to the uncorrected refractory errors. Most of the children with uncorrected refractive error are asymptomatic and hence screening helps in early detection and timely interventions. Aim- To compare validity and reliability of refractory error screening by trained school teacher with trained medical students. Methods- Training was given to the teacher of the standard 5-8 regarding how to diagnose the refractory error among School children by using snellan’s chart. Result reports were collected from teachers. After two week investigator team visited the school and screen for refractory error in the same school children by using snellan’s chart. Results of these screening methods were analyzed and compared. Result- Kappa statistics: 0.4482 indicate the reliability and Sensitivity = 31.25%, Specificity = 96.40% indicate the validity of screening method 1 (screening by school teacher ) compare to method 2 (screening by medical students) Conclusion- screening by school teacher is not useful model for diagnoses of refractory error among school going children. INTRODUCTION:- In the visual impairment both Blindness Low vision included. Worldwide 285 million people are suffering from visual impairment, among these 39 million are blind and 246 million have low vision. Globally, uncorrected refractive errors are the main cause of visual impairment. 43% of visual impairment is due to refractory errors. 80% of all visual impairment can be avoided or cured.1 In India refractory error is the second most leading cause for all age group but it is the first among child age group for visual impairmnet.2 Refractive Error is defined as a state of refraction, when the parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused either in front of or behind the sensitive layer of retina, in one or both the meridians.3 It is also known as Ametropia. The Ametropia includes Myopia, Hypermetropia and astigmatism. Myopia or Short-sightedness in which parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused in front of the retina when accommodation is at rest. Hypermetropia or Long-sightedness is the state of the eye wherein parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused behind the retina with accommodation being at rest so the posterior focal point is behind the retina which therefore receives a blurred image.3 The children aged 5 – 15 are school going students. Refractive error in such age group can harm their learning capicity. So Early diagnosis in schools for refractive error can be useful to stop the increasing number of such disability and qualitative education can be got by the school going students. A simple Eye test and glasses can restore sight to most of affected people. As for WHO, correction of Refractive error is a component of currant global initiative to reduce avoidable or treatable blindness, in Vision 2020 which is considered a current top priority and challenge for all the nations.4 Strategies to address eye health of children in India have focused on school eye health programme. School eye health screening is also part of the national blindness control programme.5 If, we trained the school teachers for identification of refractory errors among school children using vision chart than it will serve as alternative of tradition eye screening programme. Routinely eye screening was done annually but if, school teacher is trained in such procedure they can screen every student systematically using appropriate time and also do such screening twice in a year. So here this study was conducted to find alternative of refractory error screening by health profession. By this way the burden over existing health care system will reduce. Here we compare two screening model and check the validity and reliability of new model (Refractory eye screening by school teacher). METHODOLOGY Study Population:-School going children (Standard 5-8) Design of the study:- Screening study Study Area:- Rural area of Vadodara taluka Sampling:- Random sampling mthods Sample size:- 150 Inclusion criteria:- School going children of standard 5th to 8th Exclusion criteria:- Study participant suffering from refractory error and already diagnosed for refractory error. Participant does not want to participate in study. Methodology:- Before Study started, we obtained the permission from the ethical committee of Sumandeep Vidyapeeth. Then we obtained the list of rural schools in Vadodara taluka from DEO office, Vadodara. We selected randomly one school from the list by lottery method. Selected school was Government school, Amodar. After selecting the school, we also obtained the permission from school principal to conduct this study in their school. We discussed with teacher regarding the various aspects of study. All teachers agreed to volunteer participate in the study. We gave training to the teacher of the standard 5-8 regarding â€Å"how to diagnose the refractory error in School children by using snellan’s chart†. Training of Teacher- Those school teachers, who ready to voluntarily participate in this project, were trained for identification of refractory error by using snellan’s chart. First we gave some basic information about refractory error in understandable local language (Guajarati), then we demonstrated them how to diagnose refractory error by using snellan’s chart. Every teacher had to perform this procedure in front of us to insure that they understand the whole procedure. Those who had doubts and difficulties was discussed, and corrected so every teacher uses this procedure with same standard. We included all the students from class 5th to 8th of selected school in to study. Total 150 students participate volunteer. After obtaining informed consent from students and their parents, visual acuity was measured and recorded by teachers. On another convenient day same children were examined by Investigators (medical students) in absence of teacher using the identical protocol and same vision charts. To avoid bias we masked the teachers results (first screening result) during second screening . Statistical analysis Data collected in individual forms for every student were compiled in Microsoft Excel sheet. Validity and reliability of model 1 â€Å"refractory error screening by school teacher† is compared with model 2 â€Å"refractory error screening by medical students†. Sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value indicate validity and Kappa statistics indicate reliability. RESULTS Figure 1- Sex and Age wise distribution of study participant Figure 1 shows the sex and Standard (Class) wise distribution of the study participant. Table 1- Distribution according to Diagnosis by School teacher and medical students Kappa statistics: 0.4482 Sensitivity = 31.25% Specificity = 96.40% PPV = 50.00% NPV=92.41% Table 1 shows that screening result of two models, kappa statistics is an indicators of reliability. In our study kappa statistics is found 0.4482, it indicates poor reliability it indicate only 44.82% of result has similar results between two screening methods. In our study, validity is determined by sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity is very low 31.25% while specificity is 96.40%. it shows that Screening model 1 (screening by school teacher) identify only 31.25 % of students suffering from refractory error and missed 68.75% of students suffering from refractory. DISCUSSION Study shows the diagnostic ability of trained school teacher in diagnosis of refractory errors as compared to diagnosis of refractory errors by medical students by using same vision chart. A refractory error is the one of the common ocular morbidity among the school going children.6 School health programme is the only one opportunistic screening where refractory error can be diagnosed in Indian health system. Due to the lack of the health worker, every school student is not screened using standard methods.7 Here we tried to compare another model of refractory error screening (screening by school teacher). This is the cost effective model because training of teachers and vision chart is the only requirement for implementation of such health delivery model. If refractory errors is missed to identify than it will lead to considerable disability to the students so sensitivity must be high enough. But in our study the sensitivity is very poor (31.25%). In the study of Anand sudhan sensitivity was found very good and specificity was very low as opposite to our study result.8 CONCLUSION In our study, we compare the Model 1 (Screening by Teacher) with Model 2 (Screening by Medical student). Screening by teacher has poor sensitivity and reliability compare to screening by medical student. So the model 1 (Refractory error sceening by scholl teacher) is not useful health delivery model because it is unable to identify the student with refractory error by required sensitivity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are thanks to the District education officer (Vadodara), Principal (Government school, Amodar) and teachers of Government school, Amodar, without their kind support this project is not possible. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/ dated on 09/03/2013 2. Park.K, Non Communicable disease, Textbook of preventive and Social medicine, 21th edition, Jabalpur (India), M/s Banarsidas Bhanot Publisher, 2011:335-379. 3. A K Khurna, Refractory Error, Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 5th edition, New age international publisher, 2012, 28-32 4.http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?pid=S004296862001000300013script=sci_arttext dated on 04/09/2013 5. Limburg H, Kansara H. Result of school eye screening of 5.4 million children in India- a five year follows up study. Acta opthalmo scand: 1999; 77: 310-314 6. B.T.Prasanna Kamath, B.S.Guru Prasad, R.Deepthi, C.Muninrayana. Prevalence of ocular morbidity among school going children (6-15years) in rural area of Karnataka, South India. Int J Pharm Biomed Res: 2012, 3(4), 209-212. 7. GVS Murthy. Vision Testing for refractory errors in schools- â€Å"Screening Programmes in Schools† Community Eye Health: 13(33). 3-5 8. A sudhan, A pandey, suresh pandey, P shrivastav et al. Effectiveness of using teachers to screen eyes of school going children in Satna district of Madhya Pradesh, India: Indian J Opthal: 2009; 55: 455-458. Comments: Colored texts are entirely copy pasted Answer: corrected The author has mentioned medical professionals at one place and medical student at another place. There is a scope for ambiguaty. In this type of study where comparision is made between layman and medical man, it would be nice to mention 1st year, 2nd year or degree holder doctor. It will increase the importance of parameters of comparison. Answer:- here we are not compare the laymen with the medical student. here we compare the teacher trained to diagnose refractory error with third year medical students ( already skilled to diagnose refractory error). Under national school health programme teacher has to screen the children for the refractory error. Here we check the validity of this method. Materials and Methods section should be written in paragraph format Answer: corrected The entire texts need a meticulous copy editing. Answer: corrected Reference no. 4 is not opening Answer :- It is not accessed now, but on it 04/09/2013 was accessible. The content may be removed by the website. Overall comment: Comparing the ability to perform a task which concern to medical expertise between a medical man and a layman need more justification. It shall be incorporated in the background and/or Introduction part of the manuscript. In other words, the author has failed to justify the â€Å"need of the study†. Answer: In the last paragraph of introduction it is already mentioned the need and purpose of the study added the some sentences Final comments: 14-08-2014 I believe that the manuscripts send to the reviewers are already checked for pliagarism. Therefore I am not scrutinizing whether the copy pasted portion shown during 1st review are taken care or not. I still believe that the research conducted is not worth publishing for the reason of deficiencies in Justifying the need of the study b. Material and method section (it even does not mention the total no of participants, instead has mentioned all students belonging to stad 5-8). C. Professional scientific writing.

The Philippine Is Rich In Natural Resources

The Philippine Is Rich In Natural Resources Current environmental laws consist of P.D No.984 entitled pollution control law that declaring policy to prevent, abate and control pollution of water, air and land for the more effective utilization of the resources of this country. The government was the one in charge to determine the location, magnitude, extent, severity, causes, effects and other pertinent information regarding pollution of the water, air and land resources of the country, and to issue orders or decisions to compel compliance with the provisions of the decree. The commission was the one who give issue, renew, or deny permits, under such conditions as it may determine to be reasonable, for the prevention and abatement of pollution, for the discharge of sewage, industrial waste, or for the installation or operation of sewage works and industrial disposal system. The commission, by rules and regulations, may require subdivisions, condominium, hospitals, public buildings and other similar human settlements to put up appropriate central sewage system and sewage treatment works, except that no permits shall be required of any new sewage works or changes to or extensions of existing works that discharge only domestic or sanitary wastes from a single residential building provided with septic tanks or their equivalent. The Commission may impose reasonable fees and charges for the issuance or renewal of all permits herein required For Presidential Decree 984 otherwise known as the Pollution Control Decree of 1978 is a national policy aimed to prevent, abate and control pollution of water, air and land for the more effective utilization of the resources of this country. In this Decree of 1978, the commission may conduct scientific experiments, investigations and research to discover economical and practical methods of preventing water, air and land pollution. Also, the commission may cooperate with any public or private agency in the conduct of such experiments, investigations and research for given any international, national or other public or private agency for water, air and land pollution control activities, surveys or program. The commission may secure such services as it, necessary from other agencies of the National Government, and they make arrangements for the compensation of such service. The commission may also employ and compensate, within appropriations available therefore, such consultants, exper ts, and advisers, or assistants on a full or part time basis, coming from the government or private entities ,to carry out the provisions of this decree and may prescribe their powers, duties and responsibilities. Under the P.D 1152 this is the policy for the various aspects of environmental management such as air and water quality management, natural source development, land and waste management. It provides a program to environmental protection and management, with reference to policies and standards of noise, air quality, water quality, classification of water and waste management. the P.D 1152 this is the policy for the various aspects of environmental management such as air and water quality management, natural source development, land and waste management. And for the R.A 1990 also known as the Toxic Substance and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 regulating the important, use, movement, treatment and disposal of toxic chemicals and Hazardous and nuclear waste in the Philippines. Under P.D 856 Sanitation code for the solid waste management in his area of production can be places the responsibility in the local government units. Hotel and Tourism Management is affected by the current environmental laws in the Philippines, in previous effective wastewater treatment can prevent serious illness among guests and staff members, and limit the number of serious complaints from guests who become infected after drinking or swimming in polluted waters. It will also reduce the chance of cancellations from potential guests. Now, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Minimize wastewater discharge by reducing water use. Use biodegradable detergents and cleaning agents that are compatible with the wastewater treatment technology. Recycle paper products from the office for wrapping other items. Reuse treated graywater for washing floors, flushing toilets and irrigating gardens and golf courses. Separate waste at the source, rather than having to go through all the trash after it is collected. For example, provide containers for recyclables in guest rooms and compost bins in kitchen work areas. Because of the Environmental laws that government provide, Hotel and Tourism Management can provide also the best service to the hospitality industry which they are not allowed to built a business without permitted of the government. Under the decree of 1978 they have the commissions to cooperate with any public or private agency in the conduct of such experiments, investigations and research for given any international, national or other public or private agency for water, air and land pollution control activities, surveys or program. This is for the safety of the guest or tourist which is for the benefit of others. Hotel and Tourism Management can help improve the current environmental situation in the Philippines Environmental responsibility makes ecological sense, because keeping the environment pristine means that tourists will come to appreciate and enjoy the natural beauty of the location of your business. Increasingly, environmental responsibility also makes financial sense. Gone are the days when going green necessarily meant making large investments in expensive technology. Simple waste segregation, for example, can drastically reduce an island resorts expenses in transporting garbage off the island. Encouraging guests to follow simple steps, such as turning off lights and recycling water, could mean saving thousands on a resorts water bill. . Encourage staff to become involved in volunteer projects such as beach clean-ups and awareness campaigns. Educate guests as to how they can make a positive contribution to local biodiversity conservation efforts. Every business aims for long-term feasibility, and tourism based enterprises are no exception. A prime tourist attraction is a place that is full of life and abundance, a place where visitors can relax and feel that all is right with the world-a place they would pay hard-earned money to see and experience. Whether it means keeping the surroundings clean, making sure there is abundant water and electricity to use, or assuring guests of a nature experience they will not forget, maintaining a tourist destination means sustaining the life around it, and carrying out responsible operations that will make such sustenance possible. It takes only a few simple steps, the involvement and commitment of the people concerned, and a few adjustments in existing working and management systems to make environmental awareness a habit. Its a habit that is good for the soul, good for the community, good for Mother Nature-and happily, also good for business. Hotel and Tourism Management can improve the current situation of the environme nt in the Philippines by guiding the guest or tourist to become more efficient. Hotel and Tourism Management can help through orient the guest or tourist for them to know or understand the preservation of environment. To educate others, encouraging that environment is important. The conservation can enhance a places reputation among guests, other individuals and groups concerned about the environment. Supporting conservation efforts can generate positive publicity and improve relationships with local people and organizations. Hotel and Tourism Management can help improve the current situation in the Philippines by promoting the environment to become more clean and green, preserves the generation as the inspiration of mother nature. Hotel and Tourism Management can help the environment situation as a role model to our industry, to promote to others the need of our environment and for our everyday life.

Almost the Wrestling State Champion :: Memoir Essays

Almost the Wrestling State Champion      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There he was, standing one step above me on the platform. He was wearing his maroon colored warm-ups and holding the bracket that the champion always wins. Over the school's announcement system I could hear the announcer saying, "In second place from Hotchkiss, Derek Blitz, and your champion at 103 pounds, from SoRoCo, Josh Deaver." I just stood there hanging my head wondering why he was getting the first place medal and I wasn't. After all, I had worked hard in practice, but in the end I couldn't pull off the win. Now I could only mope around knowing that I had almost won and continue replaying the match over and over again in my head.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On Monday of the week before the tournament, I lost my varsity position in a close challange match. Once that happened, I started to go through the practices without any intensity. All week I was acting like I was practicing as hard as I could, but I was really only putting in enough effort to make sure we didn't have a harder conditioning than normal. Since I had lost my varsity position, I had it stuck in my head that there was no reason to practice very hard. After all, I was going to be wrestling on JV.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On Friday, the coaches told us to be at the high school by 6:15 the next morning, so that we could make it to Paonia for weigh-ins at 7:00. The next morning I arrived at the high school by 6:00, and then I went into the locker room to make sure that I hadn't forgotten anything. By the time we arrived at Paonia, it was almost time for weigh-ins. A referee walked out into the gym and called all 103 pounders to the wrestling room. I walked up to the scale where two other refs were waiting to make sure no one had long nails or ring worm. Next, I proceeded to step on the scale to see if I would make weight. The ref, who was at the scale, then said, "102 pounds, step off." A huge feeling of relief swept over me, and I soon realized that I was going to give 110% to wrestling that day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At about 9:00, the tournament began and I was on the first open mat against the 103 pounder from Middle Park. I looked over my opponent and said to myself, "I am going to win this match.

The New America Dream is Green (and Sustainable) Essay -- Localization

Smallville is a city just like any other city in the world. It has crime, pollution, and social inequalities. However citizens everywhere are dreaming of the future. The reason people came to Smallville, or America, in the first place was to live the American Dream. This idea is that if a person works hard enough they can be or achieve anything they want. However, the current system of selfishness and ignorance of the masses has led to the destruction of this idea. In order for these dreams to survive, Smallville needs to promote change. There needs to be more information about the effects people have on their communities and the environment. There needs to be a shift towards long-term sustainability. Before there can be greener technology, ecologically friendly businesses, or sustainable energy citizens need to change their outlook on life. Every individual needs to realize their role in the community. There needs to be more emphasis on people living local, eating local, an d working local. The more localization and less globalization there is the better. The more people use what is readily available to them the more they will realize how important it is not to waste. In order for communities to get a long every individual needs to be respected. There needs to be social equality between men and women, different ethnicities, and an acceptance of the LBGTQ community. Once this is achieved, the New American Dream will be born. This new idea will include being anything you want to be while helping others reach the same goal. Smallville needs to take the steps towards a more informed and aware society so people can achieve their dreams while not destroying the dreams of others around the world. In order for Smallville to r... ...rt. "Accepting the gay person: Rental accommodation in the community." Journal of Homosexuality 36.2 (1998): 31. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. Page explains the struggles an LBGTQ citizen has when finding a place to live freely in a community. It shows that there needs to a major acceptance of the couple or even individuals who are gay by the community in order for the person to feel welcome. People usually do not like to live where they do not feel welcome. This will help me show where major change needs to be within the social realm of society. If people cannot accept each other they cannot join as a community and eventually fix other problems that require cooperation. This article's only bias is justified because it shows real stories of people being harassed. It does not give merit to the side that says these people are really the problem.

Carbon Credits to Control Emissions

The concept of carbon credits came into existence as a result of increasing awareness of the need for controlling emissions. The mechanism was formalized in the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement between more than 170 countries. The Protocol agreed has fixed quotas on the maximum amount of Greenhouse gases which can be emitted by the developed and developing countries. In turn these countries set quotas on the emissions of installations run by local business and other organizations. Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of industrial greenhouse gas emissions, especially for power, cement, steel, textile, fertilizer and many other industries which rely on fossil fuels (coal, electricity derived from coal, natural gas and oil). The major greenhouse gases emitted by these industries are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs) etc. , all of which increase the atmosphere’s ability to trap infrared energy and thus affect the climate. Each such business has been fixed with specified number of units, otherwise called ‘allowance of credits’, upto which can emit carbon dioxide or other equivalent greenhouse gas. Operators that have not used up their quotas can sell their unused allowances as Carbon Credits, while businesses that are about to exceed their quotas can buy the extra allowances as credits, privately or on the open market. By permitting allowances to be bought and sold, an operator can seek out the most cost-effective way of reducing its emissions, either by investing in ‘cleaner’ machinery and practices or by purchasing emissions from another operator who already has excess ‘capacity’. Banks can use the opportunity for financing machinery for protecting emissions, or for green projects which get certificates for their projects and sell to the companies which exceed their quota of emission and are ready to buy the certificates.

Give Me Liberty Maps

Trips were made to North America, South America and even around Cape Horn. 4. Before the English or French settlers even got to the Americas, Spain had stretched their empire across most of North and South America. Big name explorers like Cortes and Pizzeria pitched in for Spain. 5. In search of better and more land, settlers in Jamestown moved expanded north and a little bit south. In the midst of their expansion, they moved into Indian land. 6. Expansion occurred In other early colonies, too. Settlers In Plymouth expanded Into loonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Haven. . England wasn't the only country that constructed colonies In North America In the eighteenth century. The Dutch, French, and Spanish accompanied them. 8. Trying to find solace in numbers, the colonies experienced a lot of racial and ethnic diversity within. The main groups escaping prosecution were Jews, Swedes, Welsh and French Hugeness. 9. The â€Å"triangle trade† is used to descr ibe the many â€Å"triangular† trading routes that crossed the Atlantic. The commerce would supply colonies and Africa with manufactured goods, the New World with slaves, and Europe with colonial items. 0. For most of the eighteenth century, North America was dominated by the British, Spanish, and French. Britain had influence on the East Coast, France the Mid-east, and Spain the Southwest. 11. The Seven Years' War ended with French defeat and a treaty giving all land east of the Mississippi to Britain. The British territory now stretched from the tip of Florida to the northernmost point In Canada. 12. The Revolutionary War was kicked off by major battles In the North, like Lexington and Concord. Most of the important fighting took place in New Jersey and New York. 13.After fighting a lot in the North, the Revolutionary War shifted to the South in 1777. The shift was of no avail as the British finally were defeated in Yorktown in 1781. 14. Though they won they're territory, t he US only owned a small part of North America. The continent was shared by a bunch of European countries as well. 15. Just because they won the war, doesn't mean the US had total support from within. There were a lot of Loyalists throughout the colonies, most abundant in New York and the Carolinas. 16. Though it was very ineffective, one thing the Articles of Confederation did do Is ceding western land out to Spanish Louisiana.The United States now stretched from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. 17. In 1780, ordinances were set out resulting In both surveying and sale of public domain land. Eventually this land resulted In new states carved out of It and made equal members In the US. 18. The area of influence for Federalists and Anti-Federalists was separated: those who were Federalists, though they did not cover as much land mass had more people than the Anti-Federalists. 19. After being enslaved, massacred, and driven from their home, the Indian population was incredibly low comp ared to that of the early colonial era.However, they moved to the west where, past the Appalachians, was considered Indian country. 20. After the Presidential Election of 1800, Jefferson was elected president. Though he won a big majority of the states, he only won with 53% of the population. 21 . The United States kept growing, including the 200% growth in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Being largely uncharted, Louis and Clark explored this landmass in the years following the purchase. 22. For America, the War of 1812 was a war on two fronts: with Britain and with the Native Americans.However, they fought hard and won most of the battles. 23. By 1840, America had put in a lot of work towards the transportation system, which proved very beneficial for the economy. The roads, usable rivers, and canals spread all throughout the eastern part of the country. 24. In the early asses, the population began to move west and across the Mississippi River. Much of the territory owned by the Un ited State, however, still remained unsettled. 25. Between 1820 and 1840, the cotton industry exploded in the rear from South Carolina to Louisiana.The Mississippi River became discovered as a good area to grow an abundance of cotton. 26. Due to arguments of slavery, the Missouri Compromise was formed to settle that. The Missouri Compromise separated the United States into territories open to slavery and those closed to slavery. 27. The 1828 election is a good representation of lifestyles varying due to location. Jackson won every state in the South and Adams was only popular in the far North East. 28. Americans finally completed their Indian exclusion in 1835 when Indian presence seized to exist east of the Mississippi River.They removed the Five Civilized Tribes, Chickasaws, Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek, and Seminole, to do so. 29. Though usually the South is characterized to be cotton plantations, the slaves also worked to grow rice, sugarcane, tobacco, and hemp. While hemp and tobac co were mostly grown more north, cotton, rice, and sugarcane were exclusively grown in the southern US. 30. The better the lands, the more slaves were in the area, resulting in a concentration of the slave population in areas with fertile soil or good access to big markets. Many big cities were in areas of high slave population due to this way of thinking.

Justice in V for Vendetta Essay

James Warren Pike Essay question: How far and in what ways has a writer presented justice as an important concept? Refer in detail to any work of literature you have studied. Justice is one of the fundamental principles upon which builds a nation. V for Vendetta conveys justice as fairness. V for Vendetta is a film based on a graphic novel written by Alan Moore and David Lloyd in 1982. Through the plot and motifs presented in the film, we gain insights into the idea of justice. Several characters in the story bring the juxtaposing views of V? action, while V sets the conflict between fascism and anarchism. The director, James McTeigue leaves V? s act of justice in the film unjustified, and guides the audience to interpret it themselves. The opening scenes of the film accentuate justice through a voice over, this voiceover not only retells the history of Guy Fawkes, but also sheds light onto the revisionism of V. V as the protagonist in the film, is critical to the representation of justice, because the film portrays the definition of justice through V? s actions. The Guy Fawkes mask depicts the main adumbration of justice in the film. Guy Fawkes was involved in the Gunpowder Plot in 1605. The Gunpowder plot was a group of Catholics attempting to blow up the Houses of Parliament. V? s impulsion in the film is to destroy the central criminal court, the Old Bailey. V wears a Guy Fawkes mask throughout the film, not only to hide his identity, but also to bequeath the idea of being a superhero to the audience. The Guy Fawkes mask is not a V? s privileged weapon. In the scenes of the Shadow Gallery, the point of view shot of V wearing his mask gives the audience the feeling of wearing the masks themselves. V also shares the masks with the public and invites them to attend the 5th November protest. The mask is a representation of political justice. These scenes suggest to the audience that all people should have the right to fight for political justice. This is also supported through the history allusion of the Gunpowder plot, where Guy Fawkes was brave enough to stand up against the government. The anonymous V attempts to annihilate the Norsefire dictatorship by killing several members of the party. James McTeigue illustrates the British government as fascist through the naming the different bodies of the government. „The Eyes? are referred to the surveillance organizations, â€Å"The Nose? to the detectives, â€Å"The Mouth† to the propaganda and â€Å" The Finger† to the fingermen. V kills â€Å" The voice of London†, Lewis Protherol. Protherol? s rant on V suggests to the public that no on escapes judgement, which is irony to himself getting killed after. On one hand, it was an act of personal justice, because Protherol was a commander in the Larkhill detention camp. On the other hand, Protherol was one the main propaganda creators, a part of â€Å"The Mouth†. The motif of fire strengthens the idea of justice in the scenes of Larkhill. This fire was first introduced in the opening scenes of V. A fiery, sharp blaze swoops across the screen, drawing the letter of „V?. The fire symbolizes destruction, anger, and also passion. The destruction was the violent acts V was going to do, anger was V being tortured in Larkhill, passion was V enjoying the violent acts. V for Vendetta allows audience to justify the morality of V? action and to identify the British government as a functional institution. The story of Larkhill is told to the audience through the quest of unearthing V? s past. Detective Finch investigates Dr. Surridge? s diary and reveals to the audience how V was taught to obey orders through violence. The same way V pursues justice by killing people who were involved in the Larkhill detention camp. Through the voice of V, the speech given by V on British Televison Network further advocates the idea that all people should have the right to fight for political justice. V? s speech is also invigorated through a piece of artwork he had in the shadow gallery – A mirror with carved Latin words „Vi Veri Vniversum Vivus Vici? This not only suits V? s love of words starting with the letter V, but also empowers the power of truth. V? s speech on British Television Network accuses the public of bowing down to the High Chancellor Sutler, allowing fear to be the government? s biggest weapon. V fought for fairness because he though „People should not be afraid of their government, the government should be afraid of their people? V alleged the government of oppressing the people, and justice should be attained through the power of the people. This justice he is suggesting to the people is not violence, but is the power of the truth. V destroys the Old Bailey not only to get attention but also to prove to the public how vulnerable the government may be. Scenes on the roof with Evey, with the background music of parts of the 1812 Tchaiskovsky, suggest to the audience that V was enjoying it and treated it as a musical performance. On the other hand, he broadcasted the music to the public through the public surveillance speakers.

Leadership Management Essay

Introduction In this report, a research regarding leadership was conducted through observation and interviewing of an effective leader. The leader that was chosen for this research report is Tan Kee Boon Valdric. Valdric was a commissioned officer in the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF). Singapore Armed Forces is a military organisation and its main purpose is to protect Singapore from any form of external threats. Upon commission, he was assigned to be the platoon commander for my platoon during national service in the 40th Singapore Armour Regiment (40SAR) and later on in our reservist unit at 473 Singapore Armour Regiment (473 SAR). By observing and interviewing him, the observation and interview results were compared with each other to see if there was any coherence in the results. These results were later compared in the reflection portion of this report to identify the complexities of leadership, the new understanding that was gained from this research and how undertaking this research and gaining new understanding of leadership would benefit my leadership abilities. Observation during National Service and Reservist As a platoon commander, Valdric would often plan and conduct many activities, exercises and trainings in camps. While planning for such activities, he would have to assign tasks to various personnel to complete the different tasks required of such activities. For instance, when conducting an Individual Physical Proficiency Test (IPPT), he would have to assign personnel to do various tasks required for the activity to proceed smoothly. When conducting such routine test activities in camp, he would often just assign tasks to soldiers in the platoon without further explanation as most of the people in the platoon are experienced and competent in doing the tasks. However, when assigning tasks to the newer inexperienced soldiers in the platoon, he would often give advices and guide them. For instance, when he was assigning tasks to the new batch of inexperienced sergeants who had just completed their training course, he would follow them and guide them accordingly on how to go about completing their tasks and encourage them. This changing leadership style based on the level of experience of personnel under him can be seen as a form of situational leadership II. Situational Leadership II is a model of contingency leadership in which leaders select different leadership based on their behaviour and the level of competency and capability of group members whom they are leading (Dubrin 2011). According to Blanchard (2010), situational leadership II model has four leadership styles which are namely directing, coaching, supporting and delegating which effective leaders adopt based on matching the level of competence of their group members. In Valdric’s case, when assigning tasks to the new inexperienced sergeants, he could be seen as choosing to exhibit a coaching leadership style which requires more supportive and directive behaviours and while assigning tasks to experienced personnel, he would exhibit a delegating leadership style which requires a less supportive and directive behaviour of the leader. Based on this observation, it could be seen that Valdric applies the Situational Leadership II model to alter his leadership style based on the level of competence and experience of his personnel. When problems or difficulty arises during activities or duties, Valdric would always keep calm and be open to suggestion for ideas and would accept any idea that sounds feasible in handling the problems or difficulties that arises. By keeping his composure and accepting feasible ideas suggested by those in the platoon, it can be seen as having self-confidence and flexibility which are some of the personality traits of an effective leader (Lussier & Achua 2009). On a few occasions, difficulties such as a sudden vehicle breakdown occurred during training. Instead of panicking, he kept his composure and called the sergeants and commanders together to discuss what they should do. Valdric would often decide upon a solution through participative discussion and consultation of personnel that are of lower ranking, usually the sergeants, in the platoon. During the planning of training programmes, which was something he had to do monthly, he would always discuss with the other commanders, the sergeants, in the platoon and decide on what training programmes they should include for the upcoming month. Participative leadership style in decision making is a style in which the leader would discuss and consult with members of a lower rank in the group before making a decision (Barman 2009). It can be seen that Valdric exhibits this participative leadership style through his use of participative discussion and consultation in planning training programmes. Valdric was always planning and thinking of ways to improve the platoon’s efficiency in terms of expertise skill levels and physical fitness which are crucial attributes required of soldiers in the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF). He would always plan new goals and visions to constantly improve the platoon’s expertise skill level and fitness and then communicate and inspire the platoon about the importance of constant. This constant seeking of improvement through creating new goals and visions to improve the platoon and efficiency of the military organisation could be seen as exhibiting a socialized charismatic leadership style. Socialized charismatic leaders are leaders who would use their influential powers to try and motivate groups and people in the organisation to improve organisation effectiveness and efficiency (Gardner, Avolio and Walumbwa 2005). Valdric’s desire to constantly improve the skill level of the platoon in order to help improve the progress and efficiency of the SAF is similar to a socialized charismatic leadership style. Interview Results An interview was conducted to find out more about how Valdric felt about his leadership characteristics and what he thinks are some of the leadership characteristics required to be an effective leader. Through the interview, a better understanding of his leadership characteristics and experiences was captured. From the interview, Valdric felt that some personality traits like self-confidence, trustworthiness and flexibility were key personality traits required to be an effective leader. He believed that self-confidence was required as he felt that leaders should have a certain level of confidence in order to lead. The second trait that he believed was a pre-requisite for effective leaders was trustworthiness as he felt that effective leaders need to build trust between his followers and himself in order to effectively lead them. Flexibility was another personality trait that he felt was important as he believed that leaders should be flexible so that they can change their leadership styles depending on the different environment and situation they are required to work in. Based on the interview results regarding personality traits, it can be seen that personality traits of self-confidence and flexibility are consistent of what with the observations results in which personality traits of self-confidence and flexibility was observed in Valdric. Another finding obtained from the interview session with Valdric was that he would change his leadership style based on the level of experience and expertise of the group members that he led. Valdric believed that group members who are inexperienced and lacking in skill required more nurturing and support from leaders and in such situations, leaders should give more specific instructions and support to help group members to gain experience and learn the skills required for the job efficiently. When questioned about another scenario in which he was leading a group which consists of experienced and skilled members, Valdric mentioned that he would switch to a less directive leading style in which he would be less specific in terms of giving instructions but he would continue to support his group members in terms of motivating them and encouraging them to keep the morale level within the group high. This finding is coherent with the observations results regarding how Valdric manages and assigns tasks to personnel in the platoon based on their level of experience. Based on the observation and interview results, it can be seen that Valdric uses the contingency approach to leadership to lead effectively. The alteration of leadership style based on the level of experience of the group they are leading is based on the situational leadership II model (Hellriegel and Slocum 2007). Valdric also felt that leaders should have different leadership styles and the ability to match the correct leadership style to the correct situation. He felt that given a situation, if the leader chooses the incorrect style to lead, it would wane the effectiveness of situational leadership. Another important role for leaders is decision-making for the group or organization. Valdric felt that decisions made by leaders would affect the effectiveness of the group or organisation which they are leading. In his opinion, the decision made by the leader should be a decision which is agreed upon by majority of the individuals in the group or organisation. To achieve this, Valdric mentioned that he often call for meetings with group members to discuss about issues and problems before he makes a decision. This was coherent with the observations results. Both the observation and interview results converge to show that Valdric uses group participation in decision-making. The use of such meetings to discuss ideas and suggestions before the leader makes a decision can be seen as a form of participative leadership style in decision-making. A leader exhibiting participative style involves his group members in the decision-making process by allowing group members to voice their opinions before the leader himself makes the final decision (Saxena 2009). However, Valdric mentioned that there are some disadvantages in the use of participative leadership styles during decision-making. In situations when there are a wide range of differing opinions in the group, it can be extremely difficult to obtain a consensus on a decision that is accepted by everyone in the group. Furthermore, he also mentioned that in situations when a decision needs to be made quickly, this leadership style would not be as effective as it tends to consume too much time before the leader makes a decision. Reflection and Improvement From this assignment, I have learnt about the various complexities of leadership through analysing and reflecting on the observation and interview results. From analysing the observation and interview results a comparison can be made between my findings regarding the complexities of various leadership styles and the theories taught in this leadership and management course. Based on my observation and interview results regarding participative leadership style, I learnt that although leaders exhibiting this style allows group members to have a feel of participation in the decision-making process and creates a sense of belonging to the group which further drives them to work harder for the leader, this style may become ineffective when there are various differences in opinion and it is often too time consuming. This is coherent with the theories regarding the complexities of democratic leadership style or participative leadership style. One of the common problem that leaders exhibiting participative leadership style during decision making was that such the use of such group meeting requires too much time (eds Muenjohn, Boucher & Tran 2010). This shows that what I have learnt and understand through the conducting of this research is coherent with the theories that I have learnt in this leadership and management course. Another similarity in finding which I have made from this research that is coherent with leadership theories is regarding the situational leadership II model in which leaders selects an appropriate style of leadership based on the level of experience of the members in the group which they are leading. From the observation and interview results, I have learnt that in order for situational leadership to be effective, a leader has to be flexible enough to change his leadership style to correctly match the situation. If a leader is not able to match his leadership style to the situation effectively, the effectiveness of situational leadership would be diminished and the use of this model for leadership could result in more problems rather than effectiveness. This is consistent with what was mentioned in the theories regarding the effective use of situational leadership styles such as the situational leadership II model. For situational leadership model II to be effective, leaders have to be able change their leadership style, in terms of supporting and directing, to match the level of experience of the group members they are leading (eds Muenjohn, Boucher & Tran 2010). A failure to do so would bring about an effective leader that would hinder the development of their group members or followers and indirectly affect the development of the organization as a whole (Blanchard 2010). Based on this, it can be seen that the findings that I have made regarding leadership styles such as participative leadership style and situational leadership is similar to what is taught in the theories in the course. In the process of conducting this research, I have learnt that many of the leadership styles are useful but they have flaws as well. Most leadership styles are effective if used at the correct time. However, if a leadership style is used inappropriately, it may bring about more problems and lead to leadership ineffectiveness. For instance, from this research, I have learnt that the use of participative leadership style in decision making is effective in helping the group makes a decision that is based on consensus of everyone. However, the use of participative leadership style in decision making may become ineffective when a decision has to be made quickly. One of the flaws of a participative style of leadership in the decision making process is that it often requires too much time before a consensus on the decision is made (eds Muenjohn, Boucher & Tran 2010). Other than the use of participative leadership style, the use of contingency approach of leadership styles would also lead to ineffectiveness if leaders use the wrong contingency leadership style for the wrong situation. For example, situational leadership II requires leaders to use appropriate leadership styles that can be more supportive or directive based on the level of competency and experience of the group members (Hellriegel & Slocum 2007). Based on situational leadership II, an effective leader would adopt a leadership style that is more directive and supportive when leading group members who are inexperienced. However, if a leader uses a leadership style that is less directive and supportive instead of one that is more directive and supportive, it may bring about ineffectiveness among the group due to ineffective leadership. In the process of conducting this research, I have understood that leading a group of people effectively is not a simple task. In order to be an effective leader, an individual has to learn how to effectively manage the group of people he is assigned to lead. In organisations, members of the organisations tend to have varying characteristics, working style, behaviour and experiences. Leaders would probably have to lead groups of people with varying characteristics or work with different groups of people throughout their lives. In order to be an effective leader, a leader has to be able to switch their leadership style to one that matches the people or situation they are leading in order to be effective. To be able to lead groups effectively regardless of situation, flexibility in a leader is required. According to Gamage (2006), effective leaders are usually flexible, allowing them to alter their leadership styles to one that is most appropriate and effective in whatever situation they are in. This means that for a leader to be able to use the contingency approach to leadership and be effective, flexibility is essential. Personally, other than the time I was serving National Service as a sergeant, I did not really have many opportunities to take on a leadership role. Hence, from this research, I have gained many insights that would be extremely useful for my leadership practice in the future. The importance of flexibility is one of the key takeaways from this research. During the time that I was serving National Service, I tend to use the same leadership style to lead my soldiers regardless of situation as I believed that it was the most appropriate and suitable leadership style for me. However, through this assignment, I learnt that there are many leadership styles that are effective and that a leader should be flexible to change their leadership style to one that best fits the situation in order to become an effective leader. Reddin (1970, cited in Gamage 2006, pp. 102) mentioned that the effectiveness of leadership styles depends on the situation. This means that leadership styles can either be effective or ineffective based on the situation in which they are used. If a leadership style is used in the wrong situation, it would be ineffective. However, if the same leadership style were to be used in an appropriate situation, it would be seen as an effective leadership style. What is important is that the leader needs to know which leadership style is appropriate for whatever situation they are given. From this, I have learnt that flexibility is an important trait that leaders should possess or develop and developing flexibility would allow me to be able to use the contingency approach of leadership styles better. Other than flexibility, another key takeaway that I have obtained from this research that would help me in my future leadership role was the understanding of using a contingency approach of leadership which requires me to select the correct leadership style for whichever situation in order to be an effective leader. Based on the theories taught in this course and the results of this research, I have come to an understanding that there are no ineffective leadership styles. All leadership styles are effective and the only reason why some people view certain leadership styles as ineffective is because they fail to match the correct leadership style to the situation (eds Muenjohn, Boucher & Trans 2007). From this, I learnt that there is no such thing as ineffective leadership style and that I should focus on matching leadership styles to situations in order to be an effective leader in the future. Conclusion In conclusion I believe that in order to be an effective leader, one must be able to understand the complexities of leading and how to handle these complexities. The leadership theories taught in this course and the insights gained from conducting this research has allowed me to gain a better understanding of some of these complexities of leadership. Some of the key takeaways that I have gained from this research were the importance of flexibility in a leader and the use of contingency approach to leadership style especially the situational leadership II model. The theories in this course have provided me with a basic understanding on leadership and through conducting this research, it further reinforced what I have learnt and understood from the course by allowing me to observe the application of some of the leadership theories. Through the observations and interview, I have learnt about various complexities of some of the leadership theories such as using a participative leadership style in the decision making process and the use of situational leadership II model. I believe that this understanding and knowledge that I have attained would greatly benefit me in my future endeavours as a leader. Reference List Barman, K 2009, Leadership Management: Achieving Breakthroughs, Global Indian Publications, New Delhi. Blanchard, K 2010, Leading at a Higher Level: Blanchard on Leadership and Creating High Performance Organizations, FT Press, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Dubrin, AJ 2011, Essentials of Management, 9th edn, Cengage Learning, USA. Gamage, DT 2006, Professional Development for Leaders and Managers of Self-Governing Schools, Springer, Netherlands. Gardner, WL, Avolio, BJ and Walumbwa, FO (eds.) 2005, Authentic leadership theory and practice: origins, effects and development, Elseiver, USA. Hellriegel, D and Slocum, JW 2007, Organizational Behaviour, 11th edn, Thomson South-Western, USA. Lussier, RN and Achua, CF 2009, Leadership: Theory, Application & Skill Development, 4th edn, Cengage Learning, USA. Muenjohn, N, Boucher, C and Tran, N (eds.) 2010, Leadership and Management, Cengage Learning, Melbourne. Saxena, PK 2009, Principles of Management: A Modern Approach, Global India Publications, New Delhi. Appendix Interview Questions 1) What are some of the skills that you think a leader should possess? Why? 2) What are some of the traits that you think an effective leader should possess? Why? 3) What are some of the leadership roles that you think leaders have and which leadership role do you think is the most important? 4) When making decisions for your group as a leader, would you consult your group members before making a decision? Why? 5) Between building relations with group members and completing the task, which do you think is more important for a leader? 6) What are some of the ways by which you motivate people in your team as a leader? 7) How would you describe your leadership style as? 8) In your opinion, should an effective leader change his leadership style to match different situations or stick with the same leadership style for all situations? 9) When leading a group of inexperienced member, would you alter your leadership style to cater to them? 10) When leading a group of highly experienced and skilled personnel, how would your leadership style be different? 11) Do you think an effective leader should be more directive or supportive? 12) If there was a conflict among members in your group, how would you attempt to resolve the conflict? 13) Do you think that constant improvement is required for leaders and their groups to be effective? 14) Is effective communication required for a leader to lead his group effectively?

Teaching Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teaching Plan - Essay Example On the other hand, bacterial infection is indicated by a purulent discharge (Gigliotti 354). Allergic conjunctivitis in late childhood and adolescence is considered a symptom of eczema, asthma or rhinitis. Treatment of conjunctivitis starts with identification of the root cause of the infection to ensure that effective medication is administered. In addition , treatment of infants depends on the time the child develops the infection. For instance, if the infection develops within the first 24 hours it is considered to have been caused by chemical reaction with the drugs that were used (Gigliotti 356). Teaching goal The long term goal is to develop awareness among parents to be bale to identify the symptoms early enough and seek medical attention to prevent the negative effects of conjunctivitis. The goal will be achieved by: Seeking medical attention To relieve symptoms and ensure treatment of the infection Ensure that the infant is not at risk of more serious infections Preventing s pread of the disease to other people Preventing the complications associated with conjunctivitis Home remedies Compress the eyelids with cool or warm water for 15 minutes Maintain body hygiene through washing hands and avoiding the sharing face cloths and towels Pharmacological interventions Ensure that drugs are administered effectively depending on the age of the child Advise the parents not to use steroid eye drops because they may cause permanent damage of the infant Bacterial conjunctivitis is treated through topical antibiotic ointment Viral conjunctivitis symptoms can be relieved through saline washes Allergic irritating symptoms can be relieved through saline washes and cool compresses If the symptoms are persistent and severe, oral antihistamines can be administered to the infant Population demography A study to compare the prevalence of conjunctivitis between Asian and White patients was carried out from pediatric records from a health center in the city of Bradford. The p atients chosen for the study had symptoms of chronic conjunctivitis to eliminate the possibility of inclusion of patients suffering from allergic irritations. The study considered medical records of 43 patients, 11 Whites and 24 Asians under the age of four years. The study indicated that conjunctivitis affected 59 of every 100, 000 Asians and 12 of every 100,000 Whites. Although the prevalence in sex in both groups was small, male children were two times more likely to be infected. Two Asian children lost their sight upon developing chronic conjunctivitis. According to Spraul and Lang (23), conjunctivitis is more prevalent in the Asian population as compared to the Whites probably because of environmental and genetic factors. The blindness threat indicates that Asians are more likely to require steroid topical treatment as compared to their white counterparts. Primary care setting Anticipated client outcomes 1. Parents should seek advice on the condition upon noticing conjunctiviti s symptoms on their infants 2. Upon the diagnosis, parents should be aware of the period of treatment and expected changes in the course of treatment 3. Caregivers should adhere to physician's advice on dosage and frequency to ensure medication effectiveness 4. Caregivers should maintain hygiene to avoid contamination of medication tubes and bottles 5. There should be no sharing of eye ointments and medications 6. Measures should be put

Personal statement. Application essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal statement. Application - Essay Example I enjoy helping them learn and I derive much joy in understanding how they discover new things in what adults find ordinary and boring. Like every primary school teacher I know, one of the greatest sources of happiness and fulfilment is to see the eyes and faces of children light up when they discover something new. It is like a lamp being switched on inside their minds. I am also at peace whenever I am with children, and I enjoy the noise and chaos that accompany them, a clear sign of their joy of life and of each one's infinite future possibilities. I see the world's future in each one, and I like it when they are noisy and active, eager to enjoy each other's company. I know how to make them quiet through a calm personal presence that adds to their enthusiasm. When I am in front of children, I know how to act according to what the situation demands and steer us all towards learning goals. I know how to motivate children and exercise patience when needed.

Lab. report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Lab. report - Essay Example There were two distinct kinds of images observed after the experimental procedure – the train images and the fork images. Both these original images obtained had high contrast with sharp edges and more detail. When some noise was added to the two original images, two types of noisy images for the train and the fork were observed. In addition, to smooth the images and reduce/ remove the noise in the noisy images, the moving average filter was employed on these particular images. The first span to smooth the noisy images was 10. The noise in both images was reduced, the images smoothed and the image details blurred when the first span was 10. With the moving average, however, the edges of both the images became blurred and when compared with the original images, the images with span 10 exhibited lesser contrast and detail. On the other hand, when the smoothed image with span 10 was compared with smoothed images with span 20 and 30, the smoothed images with span 10 exhibited the best results in terms of contrast and detail. The next span used was 20, where the noise in both images was eliminated and disappeared completely along with the images becoming smoother and the images edges more blurred hence a considerable difficulty discerning the image details. The resultant two images were, in addition, clearly more obscure. The third span used for both the image types was 30. Herein, the resulting images were smoother than the other images and more blurred too (in comparison with the other images). With span 30, the details of the smoothed images were unrecognizable with the edges more blurred than other smoothed images with span 10 and 20. Conclusively therefore, the moving average filter smoothes the image by blurring the image details with increase in average pixel value creating lower contrasts. In addition, smoothing reduces the noise level of the images. On the

Changing Role of Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Changing Role of Women - Essay Example While this new role of women is determined, it is also essential that such an investigative study incorporates the changed role of women in various sectors, sections, and nations. Therefore, the efforts to define the new role of women in the modern world should essentially include a research on the changing role of women in every sector and category of social life. This has been the central consideration for the selection of research articles for this anthology. As the title of this anthology suggests, this needs to be perceived as an attempt to define the changing role of women in the background of sex inequalities and gender role differences which has been a major research point of the feminist theorists in the modern world. It is indisputable that one of the most relevant topics in the modern feminist theory relating to the general theme of gender role and sex inequality has been the changing role of women. Therefore, this anthology endeavors to provide with the most accurate mate rials to conclude on the changing role of women in various sections and categories of modern life. Here, this Anthology by the title "Changing Role of Women" covers a broad span of articles which are related to the topic-changing role of women through several categories of modern women of various backgrounds. ... He in the article "From Emancipation to Liberation: The Changing role of Women in Turkey's Public Realm" which has been the first essay of the anthology, deals with the changed role of women in the public sector of Turkey. According to the article, the change of women in Turkey can be related to a change from emancipation to liberation, i.e. the change has been one of the attitudes mainly. This article introduces the history of the liberation of women in The Republic of Turkey. The article "introduces the historical context of women's emancipation in the Republic of Turkey and then discusses how different women's groups expanded, transformed or perpetuated the parameters of the public realm with their different, at times seemingly contradictory, discourses for liberation. The focus of this article is on issues and concerns around which women voiced their differences from the founding fathers who 'emancipated women,' and not on politics in formal political institutions, such as politi cal parties or parliament." ("From Emancipation to Liberation: The Changing Role of Women in Turkey's Public Realm" 107). The republican concept of secularism and nationalism strengthened the feminists of Turkey. In the society, women were provided with a new public space and their gender role was redefined. By taking effort to enforce the women's status, the state actually meant to cultivate nationalistic feeling in the minds of its citizens. Gender equality and gender rights were equal and the professionalism of women was supported by the government but they demanded for more rights especially the control upon their sexuality. The feminists were not satisfied those limited rights and tried to enter the male dominated politics and they started to express their