Apollo 13 (as-508): Houston, We Have A Problem. :: essays research papers

Apollo 13 (AS-508) Houston, we have a problem.The Apollo 13 mission was launched at 213 p.m. EST, April 11, 1970 fromlaunch complex 39A at Kennedy Space Center. The space vehicle crew consisted ofJames A. Lovell, Jr. commander, John L. Swigert, Jr., command module pilot andFred W. Haise, Jr. lunar module pilot.The Apollo 13 Mission was planned as a lunar landing mission but wasaborted en route to the moon after somewhat 56 hours of flight due to loss ofservice module cryogenic atomic number 8 and consequent loss of capability to generateelectrical power, to provide oxygen and to produce water.Spacecraft systems performance was nominal until the fans in cryogenicoxygen tank 2 were turned on at 555318 ground elapsed time (GET). About 2seconds after energizing the fan traffic circle, a short was indicated in the currentfrom fuel cell 3, which was supply power to cryogenic oxygen tank 2 fans.Within several additional seconds, two some other shorted conditions occurred.Electrical shorts in the fan circuit ignited the wire insulation, causingtemperature and pressure to increase within cryogenic oxygen tank 2. Whenpressure reached the cryogenic oxygen tank 2 backing valve full-flow conditionsof 1008 psi, the pressure began decreasing for about 9 seconds, at which timethe relief valve probably reseated, causing the pressure to revive againmomentarily. About a hind end of a second later, a vibration disturbance wasnoted on the command module accelerometers.The next series of events occurred within a fraction of a second betweenthe accelerometer disturbances and the data loss. A tank line burst, because ofheat, in the clean jacket pressurizing the annulus and, in turn, causing theblow-out plug on the vacuum jacket to rupture. Some mechanism in bay 4 combinedwith the oxygen buildup in that bay to cause a rapid pressure rise whichresulted in separation of the outer panel. The panel struck one of the dishes ofthe high-gain antenna. The panel separation shock clo sed the fuel cell 1 and 3oxygen reactant shut-off valves and several propellant and helium isolationvalves in the reaction control system. Data were lost for about 1.8 seconds asthe high-gain antenna switched from narrow beam to blanket(a) beam, because of theantenna being hit and damaged.As a result of these occurrences, the CM was powered down and the LM wasconfigured to supply the necessary power and other consumables.The CSM was powered down at approximately 5840 GET. The surge tank andrepressurization package were isolated with approximately 860 psi residualpressure (approx. 6.5 lbs of oxygen total). The primary water glycol system was

Graduation Speech by Faculty -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Addres

Congratulations Today is your day. Youre off to Great Places Youre off and away You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself whatever direction you choose. Youre on your own. And you know what you know. And YOU are the guy wholl decide where to go. Youll look up and down streets. Look em over with care. About some you will say, I dont choose to go there. With your head full of brains and your shoes full of feet, Youre too smart to go down every not-so-good street. And you may not find any Youll want to go down. In that case, of course, Youll head straight out of town. Its opener there In the wide open air. Out there things can guide And frequently do To people as brainy And footsy as you. And when things start to happen Dont worry. Dont stew. Just go right along. Youll start happening too. OH THE PLACES YOULL GO You wont lock behind, because youll have the speed. Youll pass the whole gang and youll soon tak...

Blind Conformity: Malcolm X :: essays research papers

Blind Conformity Malcolm XIn todays world it is a great deal difficult to adjust to one type oflifestyle or another. The constant bombardment of outside opinions hamper ourability, as humans, to choose and be comfortable with a certain way of living.Our way of living may consist of a look, a way of thinking, a religion, or anyfacet of our personalities that may not conform with whatever is the norm or theaccepted at a given time. When this is the case, we sometimes feel forced tochange, thus we are susceptible to art conformity. The word conformity comesfrom the Latin words con, which means with or unitedly, and forma, which meansto shape or mold. Therefore, dim conformity is actually a molding ofourselves together with what is said to be normal in society instead of usingour differences to enhance ourselves as humans. Known for having strongopinions, Malcolm X seems to be an unlikely victim of blind conformity. However,as shown in his essay, My First Conk, Malcolm X, in fact, was victimized by thismalignant disease. Straightening black hair, though, is just one impulse thatis bought on by blind conformity. Changing ones self to look or behave likeanother because it is more desired by the exoteric is due to a disregarding of ones self-claimed morals and values, an over emphasis of the media and outsideopinions, and an insecurity which most of us unfortunately have.In My First Conk, Malcolm X assured that black people were creationbrainwashed to believe that they actually were inferior to white people, thusthey conked their hair. They were, essentially, giving up what they werefighting for as far as civil rights- the right to be who they were and also beaccepted by society. Therefore, the conking of their hair was a hypocrisy and acontradiction of all their morals and values. Blind conformity caused them todisregard their strongest beliefs which should be the most powerful drivingforces in all of our lives. If we can not depend on our own morals and valu es,our engines, to dictate our lives, we are simply exonerate vehicles being pusheddown lifes roads. Especially in todays society, there is a dire over emphasisof the media. Television and other types of media display certain lifestyles andideas and then the public automatically conforms. Having the media, which issomething so optional, control us is a reprehensible sacrilege. It isimperative that we learn to either admire or dislike an idea without feeling the deprivation to immerse ourselves so fully into it.

Free Market Essays -- Capitalism, Bill Gates

Free-market Capitalism means that businesses atomic number 18 able to sell their product at whatever price they feel the market female genitalia sustain, allowing customers to buy products at a price they are willing to accept. The key to this market is price fluctuation where pricing goes up or down to strike supply and demand. The healthiest markets are those in which there are many producers competing for business and many consumers competing for the available products. This type of market minimizes the involvement of government, lessening regulations, unions, and trade barriers, allowing the businesses and the customers to patch up which business will be successful. This in turn creates more jobs and competition (TheFreeDictionary, 2009).Creative capitalism is centered around companies spending money on projects that are seen as socially desirable. To Bill Gates (2008), it is market-based social change that adds up to doing work that eases the worlds inequities (Gates, 200 8). This constitutes companies supporting causes that are important to the customers in their neighborhoods. Many companies are jump on aboard what some are calling the RED campaign, which started as a fight to end AIDS in Africa but has now grow to a worldwide fight to end AIDS and to have an AIDS free generation. While this is just one of many connection campaigns, the result of the community work done by companies has some economic advantages to the business.Some corporations have identified brand-new markets among the poor. The use of tier pricing has allowed them to provide life-changing technologies at cost, darn increasing the cost to those who can afford to pay more. For example, Vodafone bought a stake in Kenyan Cell Phone Company, thinking that the m... ...eally is a positive pull back for change, and as such it becomes beneficial to engage in these positive activities to increase employee dedication and loyalty. Ultimately, it is easier to hire and retain emplo yees when they feel invested in the companys goals (Gates, 2008).It is on this note that it would be wise to consider what the implications are for companies that engage in such Creative capitalism with regards to their performance, employees, and profitability. Not all employees are equally dedication to company goals and this is a positive way to gain their support. Profitability can be gained through the use of creative capitalism, finding a niche and exploring it to the value of all involved. The increase of performance and exposure does not necessarily obviate the need to advertise and build the brand, it would be a tool to use during these campaigns.

AMERICANS VIEWS Essay -- essays research papers

A stereotype is the creation of an unfair opinion or view an individual will take the behavior of one person and give in that all people belonging to that particular group behave in the same manner. Stereotyping encourages people to react and behave in a manner that is both(prenominal) judgmental and prejudiced. The perception of Arabs and the Islamic religion has created a system in which prejudices and stereotypes worked their way so thoroughly into literature, education, history, language, and social mores that they seem to govern the conflict as much as they are created by it, while newspapers and television news play a major role in the way we perceive Arabs and the Islamic religion. Movies, books, and sitcoms also play a major role in shaping these stereotypes. Popular films such as, "Villains," "Sheikhs," "Cameos," and "Cliffhangers," which portray Arabs as Public Enemy 1, brutal, heartless, uncivilized Natives out to(p) on terrorizing civi lized Westerners. These different types of things all have the ability to enlighten and enrich the lives of all the people they touch however, they also have the ability to uphold and create stereotypes, as in the case of how Americans view Arabs. Television programs and the mass media do not examine the fact that the Islamic religion preaches equality and peace. A good example of media coverage in which presented the facts of an actual event in a prejudicial manner was the Oklahoma City bombing. In 1995...

AMERICANS VIEWS Essay -- essays research papers

A stereotype is the creation of an unfair opinion or view an individual will take the behavior of one person and state that all people belonging to that particular group behave in the same manner. Stereotyping encourages people to react and behave in a manner that is both judgmental and prejudiced. The perception of Arabs and the Islamic religion has created a system in which prejudices and stereotypes worked their way so thoroughly into literature, education, history, language, and social mores that they seem to govern the conflict as much as they are created by it, while wordpapers and television news play a major role in the way we perceive Arabs and the Islamic religion. Movies, books, and sitcoms also play a major role in geological formation these stereotypes. Popular films such as, "Villains," "Sheikhs," "Cameos," and "Cliffhangers," which portray Arabs as Public Enemy 1, brutal, heartless, uncivilized Natives bent on terrorizing civilized We sterners. These different types of things all have the ability to educate and enrich the lives of all the people they touch however, they also have the ability to perpetuate and create stereotypes, as in the case of how Americans view Arabs. Television programs and the cumulus media do not examine the fact that the Islamic religion preaches equality and peace. A good example of media coverage in which presented the facts of an actual event in a prejudicial manner was the Oklahoma City bombing. In 1995...

Digital Fortress Chapter 118-122

Chapter 118Its proof, Fontaine said decidedly. Tankado dumped the repeat. He wanted it as far from himself as possible-so wed never find it.But, Director, Susan argued, it doesnt make sense. If Tankado was unaware hed been murdered, why would he guide away the kill code?I agree, Jabba said. The kids a rebel, but hes a rebel with a conscience. Getting us to admit to TRANSLTR is angiotensin-converting enzyme thing telling our classified databank is another.Fontaine stared, disbelieving. You think Tankado wanted to stop this worm? You think his dying thoughts were for the poor NSA?Tunnel-block corroding a technician yelled. Full vulnerability in fifteen minutes, maximumIll tell you what, the director declared, taking control. In fifteen minutes, every Third World country on the planet will learn how to build an intercontinental ballistic missile. If some integrity in this room thinks hes got a better candidate for a kill code than this reverberate, Im all ears. The director waited . No one spoke. He returned his gaze to Jabba and locked eyes. Tankado dumped that ring for a reason, Jabba. Whether he was trying to bury it, or whether he thought the fat guy would run to a pay environ and call us with the information, I really dont care. But Ive made the decision. Were entering that quote. Now.Jabba took a long breath. He knew Fontaine was right-there was no better option. They were running out of time. Jabba sat. authorize lets do it. He pulled himself to the keyboard. Mr. Becker? The inscription, please. Nice and easy.David Becker read the inscription, and Jabba typed. When they were done, they double-checked the spelling and omitted all the spaces. On the center panel of the view wall, near the top, were the lettersQUISCUSTODIETIPSOSCUSTODESI dont like it, Susan muttered softly. Its not clean.Jabba hesitated, hovering over the ENTER key.Do it, Fontaine commanded.Jabba hit the key. Seconds later the whole room knew it was a mistake.Chapter 119Its accelerating Soshi yelled from the back of the room. Its the wrong codeEveryone stood in silent horror.On the screen in the first place them was the error messageILLEGAL ENTRY. NUMERIC FIELD ONLY.Damn it Jabba screamed. Numeric only Were looking for a goddamn number Were fucked This ring is shitWorms at double speed Soshi shouted. Penalty roundOn the center screen, right beneath the error message, the VR painted a terrifying image. As the third firewall gave way, the half-dozen or so black lines representing marauding hackers surged forward, advancing relentlessly toward the core. With each passing moment, a new line appeared. Then another.Theyre swarming Soshi yelled.Confirming foreign tie-ins cried another technician. Words outSusan averted her gaze from the image of the collapsing firewalls and turned to the side screen. The footage of Ensei Tankados kill was on endless loop. It was the same every time-Tankado clutching his chest, falling, and with a look of desperate panic, forcing his ri ng on a group of unsuspecting tourists. It makes no sense, she thought. If he didnt know wed killed him Susan drew a total blank. It was too late. Weve missed something.On the VR, the number of hackers hammering at the gates had doubled in the cash in ones chips few minutes. From now on, the number would increase exponentially. Hackers, like hyenas, were one big family, always eager to ranch the word of a new kill.Leland Fontaine had apparently seen enough. Shut it down, he declared. Shut the damn thing down.Jabba stared straight ahead like the captain of a sinking ship. Too late, sir. Were going down.Chapter 120The four-hundred-pound Sys-Sec stood motionless, hands resting atop his head in a freeze-frame of disbelief. Hed ordered a power shutdown, but it would be a safe(p) twenty minutes too late. Sharks with high-speed modems would be able to download staggering quantities of classified information in that window.Jabba was awakened from his nightmare by Soshi bucket along to the podium with a new printout. Ive found something, sir she said excitedly. Orphans in the source Alpha groupings. All over the placeJabba was unmoved. Were looking for a numeric, dammit Not an of import The kill-code is a numberBut weve got orphans Tankados too good to leave orphans-especially this manyThe term orphans referred to extra lines of programming that didnt serve the programs objective in any way. They ply nothing, referred to nothing, led nowhere, and were usually take as part of the final debugging and compiling process.Jabba took the printout and studied it.Fontaine stood silent.Susan peered over Jabbas shoulder at the printout. Were being attacked by a around draft of Tankados worm?Polished or not, Jabba retorted, its kicking our ass.I dont buy it, Susan argued. Tankado was a perfectionist. You know that. in that respects no way he left bugs in his program.There are lots of them Soshi cried. She grabbed the printout from Jabba and pushed it in front of Susan. LookSusan nodded. Sure enough, after every twenty or so lines of programming, there were four free-floating characters. Susan scanned them.PFEESESNRETMFour-bit alpha groupings, she beat upd. Theyre definitely not part of the programming.Forget it, Jabba growled. Youre grabbing at straws.Maybe not, Susan said. A lot of encryption uses four-bit groupings. This could be a code.Yeah. Jabba groaned. It says-Ha, ha. Youre fucked. He looked up at the VR. In about(predicate) nine minutes.Susan handle Jabba and locked in on Soshi. How many orphans are there?Soshi shrugged. She commandeered Jabbas terminal and typed all the groupings. When she was done, she pushed back from the terminal. The room looked up at the screen.PFEE SESN RETM MFHA IRWE OOIG MEEN NRMAENET SHAS DCNS IIAA IEER BRNK FBLE LODISusan was the only one smiling. Sure looks familiar, she said. Blocks of four-just like Enigma.The director nodded. Enigma was historys most famous code-writing machine-the Nazis twelve-ton encr yption beast. It had encrypted in blocks of four.Great. He moaned. You wouldnt happen to have one lying around, would you?Thats not the depict Susan said, suddenly coming to life. This was her specialty. The point is that this is a code. Tankado left us a clue Hes taunting us, daring us to figure out the pass-key in time. Hes move hints just out of our reach Absurd, Jabba snapped. Tankado gave us only one out-revealing TRANSLTR. That was it. That was our escape. We blew it.I have to agree with him, Fontaine said. I doubt theres any way Tankado would risk permit us off the hook by hinting at his kill-code.Susan nodded vaguely, but she recalled how Tankado had given them NDAKOTA. She stared up at the letters wondering if he were playing another one of his games.Tunnel block half gone a technician called.On the VR, the mass of black tie-in lines surged deeper into the two remaining shields.David had been sitting quietly, watching the drama overspread on the monitor before them. Sus an? he offered. I have an idea. Is that text in sixteen groupings of four?Oh, for Christs sake, Jabba said under his breath. Now everyone wants to play?Susan ignored Jabba and counted the groupings. Yes. Sixteen.Take out the spaces, Becker said firmly.David, Susan replied, slightly embarrassed. I dont think you understand. The groupings of four are-Take out the spaces, he repeated.Susan hesitated a moment and thence nodded to Soshi. Soshi quickly removed the spaces. The result was no more enlightening. PFEESESNRETMPFHAIRWEOOIGMEENN RMAENETSHASDCNSIIAAIEERBRNKFBLELODIJabba exploded. ENOUGH Playtimes over This things on double-speed Weve got about eight minutes here Were looking for a number, not a destiny of half-baked lettersFour by sixteen, David said calmly. Do the math, Susan.Susan eyed Davids image on the screen. Do the math? Hes terrible at math She knew David could learn verb conjugations and vocabulary like a Xerox machine, but math?Multiplication tables, Becker said.Multip lication tables, Susan wondered. What is he talking about?Four by sixteen, the professor repeated. I had to memorize multiplication tables in fourth grade.Susan pictured the standard grade school multiplication table. Four by sixteen. Sixty-four, she said blankly. So what?David leaned toward the camera. His face change the frame. Sixty-four lettersSusan nodded. Yes, but theyre- Susan froze.Sixty-four letters, David repeated.Susan gasped. Oh my God David, youre a geniusChapter 121Seven minutes a technician called out.Eight rows of eight Susan shouted, excited.Soshi typed. Fontaine looked on silently. The second to last shield was growing thin.Sixty-four letters Susan was in control. Its a perfect squarePerfect square? Jabba demanded. So what?Ten seconds later Soshi had rearranged the seemingly ergodic letters on the screen. They were now in eight rows of eight. Jabba studied the letters and threw up his hands in despair. The new layout was no more revealing than the original. P F E E S E S NR E T M P F H AI R W E O O I GM E E N N R M AE N E T S H A SD C N S I I A AI E E R B R N KF B L E L O D IClear as shit. Jabba groaned.Ms. Fletcher, Fontaine demanded, explain yourself. All eyes turned to Susan.Susan was staring up at the block of text. Gradually she began nodding, then broke into a wide smile. David, Ill be damnedEveryone on the podium exchanged baffled looks.David winked at the tiny image of Susan Fletcher on the screen before him. Sixty-four letters. Julius Caesar strikes again.Midge looked lost. What are you talking about?Caesar box. Susan beamed. Read top to rear end. Tankados sending us a message.Chapter 122Six minutes a technician called out.Susan shouted orders. Retype top to bottom Read down, not acrossSoshi furiously moved down the columns, retyping the text.Julius Caesar sent codes this way Susan blurted. His letter count was always a perfect square make Soshi yelled.Everyone looked up at the newly arranged, single line of text on the wall-scree n.Still garbage, Jabba scoffed in disgust. Look at it. Its totally random bits of- The words lodged in his throat. His eyes widened to saucers. Oh oh myFontaine had seen it too. He arched his eyebrows, obviously impressed.Midge and Brinkerhoff both cooed in unison. Holy shit.The sixty-four letters now read PRIMEDIFFERENCEBETWEENELEMENTSRESPON SIBLEFORHIROSHIMAANDNAGASAKIPut in the spaces, Susan ordered. Weve got a puzzle to solve.

A short story – Behind the Canvas

Behind the canvas the shadow loomed large and dangerous. The head was enormous and it seemed to be floating in the air. The feet, as immense as canoes, would rise and fall as the other elongated shadow moved up towards the top of the tent.As John entered the tent, the head burst. It was a balloon, a silly childish prank. The shadow, a petite ten year old. Falling on top of his mates in laughter, John started to come round from his ever-lasting laugh fit.That was the worst monster Ive ever seen, laughed James. It wasnt as bad as your go yesterday chuckled David.OK, but you have to say that that was awful David, James stated. Time for nearly real stories I think.Not ghost stories, James theyre boring, whined John. Not a ghost story, John, a real storyThe judgment of conviction was 2-45pm and there was only fifteen minutes until kick-off and the road was deserted. A piece of tumbleweed blew across the pavement. A bulky shadow squeezed under the thin barriers and a tall, lowset middl e-aged humankind was walking across the road towards the ground. By his side his son, a skinny seven year old. They rushed through the busy traffic and into the long invariant passage carriage, which reflected the sight of a Leviathan winding through the prehistoric woodlands, towards the stadium. The boy was furiously tugging his fathers hand in an attempt to arrive on time. Stopping 100m from the ground the boys protoactinium slowly bent down to tie his shoelaces up. By this point the young boy could see the amount of people. Thousands gathering for the match. He began to sweat. His father rose he quickly grasped his hand and tightened up against the giant figure. And pulled.As they pushed through the big crowds plaguing the entrance, a sight similar to an ocean of tall, blue and white waves crashing into each other, a loud, unfamiliar crackling sound rang in his ear. He sharply turned his head and could see a speaker blurting out messages that just seemed scrambled to the wo und up boy. They took their seats for the start of the match. With his father to the left of him, the boy looked across to his right where he saw a big-boned brazen supporter, with distinctive dark glasses, tucking into a Cornish pasty. The man lowered his head.As the match progressed the crowd grew more and more agitated. A large, black crow hovered over the grandstand. The boys father was fidgeting constantly. After a a couple of(prenominal) minutes the father got up from his seat. Ill be a few minutes son, just got to use the toilet.The small boy looked like a pebble on the beach in contrast to the crowds attendance, which was like the mountainous Rockies. Minutes past and his father had comfort not returned. He looked over to his right. The man with dark glasses had disappeared. A grey cloud passed over the stadium. The boy started to panic. His heartbeat rocketing, his body trembling and his eyes watering. The referee blew his whistle loudly to signal half time and the cro wds started to disappear into the toilets and hot dog stalls, into the bars and club shop.In an instant the crowd had plummeted in number. He couldnt see anybody he recognized and he snarl so alone. The minutes ticked by, never before had he been left so alone.As the crowd reappeared from the exits, every fan that wasnt the boys Dad was like a poke in his heart, as painful as a pig to the slaughter. After nearly giving up hope of his father returning, the strange dark-glassed man emerged from the exit, a wide grin on his face. As he placed himself next to the boy he glanced over. Alright kiddo, are you enjoying yourself? The small boy, as frightened as a cat running away from a dog, hesitantly replied with a nod.As the match progressed so did the boys anxiety. It had been 30 minutes since his Dad left and the boy was really starting to shake. He lowered his head onto his lap and as he lifted it spine up he could see a tall, broad, sinister looking Caribbean man with an afro plo dding up the steps in a fluorescent orange jacket. The boy sat up properly and the man squeezed his way through the seated crowd and placed himself next to the boy. Before the boy could speak he was being carted off towards the emergency exit and thrown into the back of a shiny silver Renault Cleo.The boy didnt know what was happening and as they passed through the gates of the football stadium he could see the chunky bald man hed been sitting next too staring at him with his dark shaded glasses. Suddenly I shiver wriggled down the boys spine. The car, being driven more recklessly by the minute, every junction they passed through a loud ringing sound would come out of the car. The car, going faster than the boy was used to when his pop music was driving started swinging round roundabouts, accelerating through motorways and skidding past corners at great speed.The car finally came to a halt outside a big four-storey build the boy was swiftly whisked out of the car and marched into a plain white room where he was left. This room was plain, with five simple chairs around an oak table. A few womens magazines were all that lay upon this furnished table and it seemed an eternity for the boy whilst, he was waiting. The boy didnt know what was happening with nothing to do he stared at the low walls. He heard the door rattle and turned sharply, the door hadnt been touch.The boy, panicking, ran to the door to answer it but it wouldnt budge. He yanked it. He kicked it. He barged into it but it still wouldnt open. He was going, crazy what place was this? He could see men and women in wheelchairs and crutches ambling round the place. Men with head bandages and women with there arms in slings. Every few minutes a big trolley would pass the room. The boy would knock as hard as he could but still there would be no answer. Nobody could see him and no one answered his cries. As the fourth trolley rushed past it stopped just outside the door. A tall, chunky middle-aged man ste pped off it. The boy instantly recognized the figure. It was his father. The door was unlocked immediately and the two were re-united. The boy was still unsure what had happened but he didnt care in the slightest.That wasnt alarming at all James, tell us another one, laughed John.It was scary John, look how scared Peter is,Peter, whats the matter that wasnt as scary as one of mine. As the boys looked across to Peter who was shaking like a leaf, the door flap flew open as a cold demoralise wind descending down their spines, and in the door laid a pair of dark shaded glasses.

Citizens Have to a Guaranteed Minimum Income in a Democratic Society Essay

Although abuse of the system atomic number 18 inevitable, social welfare payments are essential to protect the rights citizens have to a guaranteed minimum income in a democratic society Discuss. Social welfare is an essential element of an advanced society. near systems are always abused, but that does not mean they are faulty. In my opinion, the two main reasons why welfare payments are necessary are as followsFirst of all, critics forget that there are many forms of welfare besides payments to the unemployed. Their negative opinions harm those who are not capable of earning a wage, such as single-parent mothers, the disabled, and the sick. Moreover, the unemployed have the right to an income, too. They are not always at fault for not having a job, and in most cases the tax they have gainful in the past entitles them to assistance.The second reason is that crime increases when people have no means of support. The desperately poor inevitably turn to crime, which is not still dan gerous but costly. Policing the streets is more expensive than providing welfare. A policemans wage is four or five times higher than a pogey payment.Certain members of society believe that people should look after themselves. They point out that welfare increases dependency on others and destroys dignity. This may be true, but in the case of the unemployed, the relief payments are usually temporary. It is surely the fault of the government if there are long-term unemployed. Welfare critics also believe that it is the responsibility of a victims family to bear financial assistance. However, it is too expensive to provide complete help for a severely disabled person.To conclude, it is vital to understand the drive for welfare in a modern democratic society. Without welfare payments the poor are destined to become poorer. The first duty of a government is to provide a financial safety net for all disadvantaged persons, and that includes those without work.

Operation & Logistics Management Essay

In modern world, the focusing of mathematical trading operations and logistics sewer represent the know-what, the know-how, and know-why of a federations overall construe as well as its functional areas. Knowledge of the charge is acquired by managers and employees, including analysts, by examining and investigating operations under study. This differs from the acquisition of specialized noesis that is lettered by cognitive operation over time.Usually, the charge of operations and logistics is conducted by company personnel who possess a high level of skills in their field of work, for example, strategical planning, marketing, manufacturing, accounting and finance, and merciful resources. Besides, there are other company occupations that include some type of management work, directly or indirectly. The management of operations and logistics cornerst 1 and so be defined as the acquisition, creation, packaging, or application of association (Lesser 90).KANGPUT Technology Development bon ton has been increasingly, and heavily, influenced by economic theories of the firm notably, developing management establishments, selecting appropriate software that whitethorn be placed under the umbrella term of the knowledge-based view of the firm. KANGPUT Technology Development Company is based on customer satisfaction. This essay is based on KANGPUT Technology Development Company in China. This paper will consider how to use, maintain and control the knowledge in effect so the current management of operations and logistics of the organisation could be improved and have a better future overall.This work overly covers the possible remove for the director of KANGPUT Technology Development Company to accommodate changing knowledge work processes. An crucial part of developing operations and logistics management frames is selecting appropriate software, and therefore software selection is withal discussed in the paper. Operations form the base of both multin ational and small company, whether in manufacturing, service or non-profit organisations.Operations solicitude & Logistics is a field that involves several subject disciplines such as product development, quality management, logistics, study systems and homosexual resources management. Operations comprise beginning from the performance management of a group of design engineers to the exact forecast of production and delivery performance. People are the source of the ideas and actions that grow organizations. Yet the role of people and human capital has been changing in a fundamental way over the last several decades. Until recently, institutions have been the dominant part of the equation.As long as human inputs into wealth were seen as commodities, then people were interchangeable, one for another. Their contributions were marginal to the profits and practices of the company. As much as leadership proclaimed, Our people are our approximately important resource, very few organiz ations actually mobilized their people (Thierauf 32). A major challenge for the organisation is to engage and cultivate its networks of human capital (Bassett 35). In this era, the human capital that supports the company is yet partially a group of direct employees.In fact, as time goes on, some(prenominal) organizations will operate with a bone marrow group of strategic leadership. The era where benign bureaucracies hired people to have jobs for life has come to an end. Instead, people will work in a turn of organizations during their working lives and may have multiple engagements with a number of companies at the same time. People will increasingly begin to see themselves as companies of one, where they are responsible for their learning, their personal growth strategies, the quality of their relationships, and their work environment.As a result, a growing proportion of the people working with enterprises will be self-reliant contractors, outsourced from other organizations, members of organizations with whom the enterprise has alliances. KANGPUT Technology Development Company raises these critical questions and lay the groundwork for establishing the kinds of frameworks, practices, and relationships that are necessary for any company to successfully navigate operations management & logistics.KANGPUT Technology Development Company must to make organization that is nothing more than an extension of human thought and action, which makes human capital the only active capital. Financial and physical resources are important, but they great dealnot be transformed without the lever of human capital. The input of human capital grows in value and is change state the differentiator for the company. on that pointfore, KANGPUT Technology Development Company must recalibrate to see how that input operates and bring it into balance with all of the other elements, including long-term knowledge management strategy.There should be a power shift. As people will begin to be better able to autonomously gather information, achieve mobility, and initiate connectivity, they will delineate the role and value of their human capital. As a result, they will make new demands on management for more satisfying kinds of tools and techniques for the management of operations. Operations management has to, in a sense, catch up with its workforce and respond with increasing flexibility to obtain the kinds of capabilities and commitments it needs to succeed (Lowson 120).This is a major reversal for operation management, which is used to being able to dictate the terms of employment. Regardless, it is a necessity. Company leadership must come to know better what human capital it needs, not just for today, but also for tomorrow and the day after. It must understand how to rapidly acquire, compensate, grow, and retain it so that it can positively affect its business performance and operating objectives. The result is that it must change its orientation and its basi c systems to be at the lead of the knowledge-based enterprise reality.Managing the knowledge and human capital for continuous learning, sharing, and connecting as human beings needs to be part of the daily practice of everyone, from leadership to the frontline of the company (Thierauf 67-78). In the beginning, it should be said that there is no single ironware or software product or combination of the two that can give a comprehensive approach to operations management. If a comprehensive operations management system environment is the ultimate purpose, hardware and software products cannot be utilized alone.Creating a company-wide knowledge management infrastructure needs the integration of many different technologies. For KANGPUT Technology Development Company to open successfully its collective knowledge for companywide use, it is essential not only to develop and use integrated hardware and software technology but also to use the development companys employees and their related business processes with this knowledge management technology.If KANGPUT Technology Development Company employees are not working in a collaborative environment or if no procedures are in place to share the knowledge, no centre of operations management system technology can change that. For operations management system environment to work well, it must be viewed by company employees at all levels as a strategic means for KANGPUT Technology Development Company to become more competitive and ensure success in the long run.To better comprehend what needs to be done to develop operations management systems effectively, it is best to begin with past and current approaches to the management of operations. This can be done in the form of expert systems and then go on to various levels of operational knowledge acquisition and usebeginning from tactical knowledge to strategic knowledge (Leonard-Barton 156). To acquire and spread narrow- to wide-based operational knowledge for KANGPUT Techno logy Development Companys employees, the present knowledge work processes may have to be innovated.This may include reengineering in which knowledge work processes have to be revamped so that knowledge flows freely to every functional unit and subpart that needs it. In order to achieve this ambitious knowledge work redesign, several approaches can be undertaken by operational knowledge management system developers. First, KANGPUT Technology Development Company can change the content of knowledge by expanding what it encompasses in order to better meet desired goals.Second, the company can reorder the composition of work so that company employees may change the concentration of their jobs from information to knowledge. This change may demand the use of more aggroups of employees in order to share knowledge learned from previous projects, job assignments, and the like. From another side, the change can concentrate on the employment of new networking technology that lends itself to g roupware. employ this technology allows employees to have individual knowledge bases and global knowledge bases so that to improve the effectiveness of their operations.Overall, the described changes are quite consistent with reengineering approaches to work and also bolster the efforts of employees using knowledge to make their jobs more effectively. For the purpose to decide which approach to use for reengineering work processes, it is essential for the operations system developers to define which knowledge orientation is required by the company and its employees. Additionally, there are other factors that can influence which direction to choose. These involve the competitive environment, corporate culture, company strategies, problem-finding approach, and the information technology infrastructure.By creating an effective relationship among knowledge work processes, company employees, and the items set forth above, operations system developers can sort out the important factors a nd set forth ones that are useful in the final design. Operations management systems represent a new business intelligence technology that is useful. blood intelligence technology has become popular because it gives decision makers the opportunity to access and analyze large quantities of information. This information can be used to distil knowledge concerning current and future patterns and trends.Besides, operations management systems are attractive because they give decision makers faster access to desired knowledge which can be presented in new ways that do not require extensive custom programming. In the future of the company they will assist decision makers in fashioning better informed decisions. The point is that decision makers have a wide base of resources at their command to use on problems facing them. Since no one software product can serve the full range of user knowledge needs, there are a host of products available today.Good operations management systems require t he cooperation of the vendors, the computer department, and the companys decision makers and their employees. Most outside vendor products have limitations that will be reached the first time a user says, I need . What the person then finds is that the package has provided what is thought to be needed. The vendor can do little to adapt it. So alternatively of simply acquiring this package, it is necessary to look for one or more software packages that provide capabilities for adapting it to the needs of company decision makers.This naturally leads to the next team that must be created, the computer department. Cooperating with the computer department rather than treating it as an outsider will result in a operations management system much better used to the users needs. These computer employees, after all, have been providing much of the information that managers and their employees use. Therefore, they know what some of the decision makers needs are already. They will also be the p eople who will create and implement the system and adapt it to decision makers needs.

Soil Behaviour and Geotechnical Modelling

(a) Discuss advantages and limitations of Duncan and Changs model.Duncan and Changs model assumes a hyperbolic stress- ancestry relation and was developed base on triaxial soil tests. The original model assumes a constant Poissons symmetry while the revised model accommodates the variation of Poissons ratio by means of stress- seeent Poissons ratio or stress-dependent bulk modulus.The Duncan-Chang model is advantageous in analyzing many practical problems and is simple to set up with standard triaxial compression tests. When tri-axial test results ar non available, model parameters ar also abundantly available in literatures. It is a simple yet obvious enhancement to the Mohr-Coulomb model. In this respect, this model is preferred oer the Mohr-Coulomb model.However, it has its limitations, including, (i) the intermediate principal stress s2 is not accounted for (ii) results may be unreliable when extensive failure occurs (iii) it does not consider the volume change ascribable to changes in shear stress (shear dilatancy) (iv) input parameters are not fundamental soil properties, but only empirical values for limited range of conditions. (v) the model is mainly intended for quasi-static analysis.(b) Discuss advantages and limitations of Yin and Grahams KGJ model.Yin and Grahams KGJ model is formed using data from isotropic consolidation tests and consolidated undrained triaxial tests with pore-water pressure measurement. It provides functional expressions for , , , and relationships in soils.In Duncan and Changs model for triaxial stress conditionsmay cause volume strain ( dilation and compression)may cause shear strain.Whereas Yin and Grahams KGJ modelThus the volume change and shear strain was taken into account, which is an improvement to Duncan and Changs model. The limitation of Yin and Grahams KGJ model may exist in the determination of the parameter and the thickeningity of its calculation.(c) Discuss the differences between resilient models and hypo-elastic models.For soils, the conduct depend on the stress path followed. The total deformation of such actuals can be decomposed into a recoverable part and an irrecoverable part. Hypoelasticity constitutes a generalized additive law in which the behaviour can be simulated from increment to increment rather than for the entire load or stress at a time. In hypoelasticity, the increment of stress is expressed as a function of stress and increment of strain. The Hypoelastic concept can provide simulation of constitutive behaviour in a smooth manner and hence can be used for hardening or softening soils.Hypoelastic models can be considered as readjustment of linear elastic models. However, it may incrementally reversible, with no coupling between volumetric and deviatoric responses and is path-independent.5.2 Use sketches to explain the corporeal (geometric) meaning of all 7 parameters (only 5 independent) in a cross-anisotropic elastic soil model (). escort 5.1 Parameters in cross-anisotropic elastic model Youngs modulus in the depositional direction Youngs modulus in the plane of deposition Poissons ratio for push in the plane of deposition due to the stress acting in the direction of deposition Poissons ratio for straining in the direction of deposition due to the stress acting in the plane of deposition Poissons ratio for straining in the plane of deposition due to the stress acting in the alike(p) plane Shear modulus in the plane of the direction of deposition Shear modulus in the plane of deposition.Due to symmetry requirements, only 5 parameters are independent. subsidization 6 (Lecture 6 Elasto- bendable behaviour)6.1(a) Explain and discuss (i) yield, (ii) yield criterion, (iii) capableness mount, (iv) flow rationale, (v) principleity, (vi) consistency condition.(i) The yield strength or yield point of a material is defined in engineering and materials science as the stress at which a material begins to deform tractileally. Prior to the yield point the material entrust deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-reversible. In the uniaxial situations the yield stress indicates the onset of pliable straining. In the multi-axial situation it is not sensible to talk about a yield stress. Instead, a yield function is defined which is a scalar function of stress and state parameters.(ii) A yield criterion, often expressed as yield surface, or yield locus, is an hypothesis concerning the limit of elasticity under any combination of stresses. There are two interpretations of yield criterion one is purely mathematical in taking a statistical approach while other models attempt to provide a justification based on established physical principles. Since stress and strain are tensor qualities they can be described on the basis of three principal directions, in the case of stress these a re denoted by , and .(iii) Potential surface is the segment of a plastic potential surface plotted in principal stress space, as shown in Figure 6.1 (a). A two dimensional case was shown in Figure 6.1 (b).(iv) Flow rule a scalar multiplier plastic potential function location of surface (a vector), not in the final equationFigure 6.1 Plastic potential presentation(v) Assuming the plastic potential function to be the identical as the yield function as a further simplificationThe incremental plastic strain vector is then normal to the yield surface and the normality condition is said to apply.(vi) Having defined the basic ingredients of an elasto-plastic constitutive model, a relationship between incremental stresses and incremental strains then can be obtained. When the material is plastic the stress state must satisfy the yield function. Consequently, on using the chain rule of differentiation, givesThis equation is known as the consistency equation or consistency condition.(b) Ex plain and discuss the associate flow rule and non-associate flow rule and how the two rules affect the volumetric deformation and the bearing capacity of a strip footing on sand.Sometimes simplification can be applied by assuming the plastic potential function to be the same as the yield function (i.e. ). In this case the flow rule is said to be associated. The incremental plastic strain vector is then normal to the yield surface and the normality condition is said to apply. In the general case in which the yield and plastic potential functions differ (i.e. ), the flow rule is said to be non-associated. If the flow rule is associated, the constitutive matrix is symmetric and so is the global stiffness matrix. On the other hand, if the flow rule is non-associated both the constitutive matrix and the global stiffness matrix become non-symmetric. The inversion of non-symmetric matrices is much more costly, both of storage and computer time.As noted, it occurs in a special class of plas ticity in which the flow rule is said to be associated. Substitution of a symmetric for all elements in a limited element mesa, into the assembly process, results in a symmetric global stiffness matrix. For the general case in which the flow rule is non-associated and the yield and plastic potential functions differ, the constitutive matrix is non-symmetric. When assembled into the finite element equations this results in a non- symmetric global stiffness matrix. The inversion of such a matrix is more complex and requires more computing resources, both memory and time, than a symmetric matrix. Some commercial programs are unable to deal with non-symmetric global stiffness matrices and, consequently, restrict the literal of plastic models that can be accommodated to those which have an associated flow rule.(c) Explain plastic strain hardening and plastic work hardening or softening.The state parameters, , are related to the accumulated plastic strains . Consequently, if there is a linear relationship between and so thatthen on substitution, along with the flow rule, the unknown scalar,, cancels and A becomes determinant. If there is not a linear relationship between and , the differential ratio on the left hand side of the above equation is a function the plastic strains and therefore a function of . When substituted, along with the flow rule given, the As do not cancel and A becomes indeterminate. It is then not possums to label the . In practice all strain hardening/softening models assume a linear relationship between the state parameters and the plastic strains .In this fount of plasticity the state parameters, are related to the accumulated plastic work, ,which is dependent on the plastic strains it can be shown, following a similar tilt to that parented above for strain hardening/softening plasticity, that as long as there is a linear relationship between the state parameters , and the plastic work, , the parameter defined becomes independent of the unknown scalar, , send therefore is determinant. If the relationship between and is not linear, become a function of and it is not possible to judge the constitutive matrix.6.2 Show steps to derive the elastic plastic constitutive matrix in (6.16).The incremental total strains can be split into elastic and plastic , componets. The incremental stress, are related to the incremental elastic strains, by the elastic constitutive matrixOr alternativelyCombining givesThe incremental plastic strains are related to the plastic potential function, via the flow rule. This can be written asSubstituting givesWhen the material is plastic the stress state must satisfy the yield function. Consequently, which, on using the chain rule of differentiation.This equation is known as the consistency equation. It can be rearranged to giveCombining, we can pressWhereSubstituting againSo that6.3 The dimension of a slope is shown in Figure 6.2. Calculate the factor of safety of the following cases(a) With out tension crack, the properties of speck (1) are kPa, , kN/m3 The properties of Soil (2) are kPa, , kN/m3 (no water table).(b) With tension crack filled with water, repeat the calculation in (a).(c) Without tension crack, the properties of Soil (1) are kPa, , kN/m3 (below water table) and kN/m3 (above water table) the properties of Soil (2) are kPa, , kN/m3 (below water table) and kN/m3 (above water table). Water table is shown.Figure 6.2 Dimension of the slope and water table(a)Figure 6.3 Model without tension crack or water tablecomponent of Safety 1.498Figure 6.4 Results without tension crack or water tableFigure 6.5 Slice 1 Morgenstern-Price Method(b)Figure 6.6 Model with tension crack filled with waterFigure 6.7 Results with tension crack filled with waterThe safety factor 1.406Figure 6.8 Slice 1 Morgenstern-Price Method(c)Figure 6.9 Model without tension crack but with water tableFigure 6.10 Results without tension crack but with water tableFactor of Safety 1.258Figure 6 .11 Slice 1 Morgenstern-Price Method

Native Americans vs. African Americans Essay

In todays society there be many tribe nutrition in poverty. All across America there argon polar projects and reservations where the less fortunate reside. Statistics show that most(prenominal)ly minorities live in these variant locations. Native Americans and African Americans are both of the more popular races living in these places. The group suffering the most in these situations is the youth.Although both Native American and African American children living on a reservation or in the projects experience a terrible community, have little to no religion, and a broken family structure, African American youth living in the projects have it worse than Native American children living on a reservation. First, one of the most common living situations for less fortunate African Americans is in the projects. A project is a public living environment that is judicature owned. Although these buildings are government owned they are far from nice looking. approximately of the buildi ngs have no windows, are run down, dirty, and old.The governments main goal is to maintain cheap housing not to make them the best looking homes in town. The projects arent a good environment for a child to be raised. Throughout these neighborhoods different gangs can be found. These gangs are built to defend the different areas in the projects. The gangs bring major violence to the area and are one of the main causes of death. At a young age children join these gangs and are raised to be violent. Many of them decorate the buildings they are living in with graffiti expressing their gang colors, symbols, or motto.In contrast, while Native American youth also live in poor housing, the environment is safer than the projects. A reservation is an area set excursion for a specific type of land use or activity, or for use by a particular group of people, mostly Native Americans. standardized to the projects, houses on a reservation are old, beat down, and dirty. The houses on a reservati on are government owned as well. Although these two locations are rattling similar they also differ. The reservation is a safer place then the projects. On the reservation there is a couple cases of mild violence but they arent as severe as the violence in the projects.Therefore, the reservations environment is a better environment than the projects. Secondly, many of the young people have no faith growing up in the projects. A lot of them believe their only charge out of the projects is to become a basketball or football instrumentalist or to become a top selling rap artist. At as young as sixteen age of age most African American males end up in jail, deceased, or selling drugs. A lot of them are also lead to believe that if they dont do what every other man on the streets is doing, then they wont make it anywhere in life.On the reservation the kids believe their only way out is to become NBA players or powwowers. Powwowers are traditional Native American cheerleaders or dancer s. Much like the African Americans growing up in the projects, the life expectancy rate for those living on a reservation is in the mid forties. Considering that both of these locations are in the United States mid forties is very young of age. Many of these people dont live very long because they dont have enough money to t apiece care of themselves as well as their families. They also arent able to live a healthy lifestyle which shortens their days.Death is common in the two locations which leaves these two young groups wondering whats beyond the age forty. Lastly, family structure is very important in a household. In the projects many of the homes lack a very strong family structure. Children growing up in the projects nine times out of ten dont have both parents in the home. Most of them are drug dealers, alcoholics, prostitutes, or doing any and everything to try and provide for the child. Although these parents are trying to provide for their children a lot of the time they are also on welfare.Moreover, these childrens parents arent ever around, they sometimes go days without having anything to eat. Many of the young men follow after the footsteps of their father, older brother, or uncles which is why this bicycle has continued for so long. Native Americans typically stick together as a unit. According to Sherman Alexie, an award winning author who grew up on a reservation, Native American children are taught to be suspicious of Caucasian people. Native Americans teach this to their children because there are many people in America that are against minorities and believe that just because they are the majority theyre better.A lot of the parents on a reservation go from job to job not beingness able to respect one job for a long period of time. Many of these parents are also alcoholics. On the other hand, some of these families on these reservations are very family oriented unlike the African American families in the projects. These Native American families have up to seventeen family members living in one house. They keep their families very close and are very supportive of one another rather then being against each other like African Americans.The parents detect over their children to make sure they dont go down the wrong path in life. Although these families are experiencing hard times they cheer each other up and manage to smile every once in a while. Therefore, the Native Americans family structure is stronger then African Americans. In conclusion, Native American youth living on a reservation have it better then African American youth living in the projects. Both of these minorities are going through some hardships. From alcoholic parents to not having anything to eat they both are suffering as young children.Native American families provide a safer living environment, work harder, and look after one another, where as African Americans are against one another, on the streets all day, and are strongly associated with vio lence. As the years go on these families are hoping that the government will separate people in the projects and those living on reservations and provide them both with a better living situation. If these environments are separated the United States will be one step closer to eliminating violence in America.

Functionalist, conflict and the integrationist theories of education Essay

The functionalist possibility looks more into the ways that universal nurture serves the needs of the society. On the other overstep, the conflict theory focuses on the function of bringing up as perpetuating inequality on the social aspect of life and boosting the power of those who are dominant indoors the society. The interactionists theory limits its analysis on precept to what happens directly in a classroom setup, as it looks into the t from each atomic number 53ers expectation from the learner and how it affects the learners performance, attitude and perception (Rappa 1976).The relationship of each theory to upbringing Functionalist theory According to this theory, the latent role of education is that it brings people together. In other words it enhances socialization within the society among the variant people from diverse cultures, languages, color, age and interests. Through the interactions, people get to learn from one another through the exchange of ideas and vie ws regarding varied areas of discussion. The other role of education is that it plays the role of passing down core values and social control within the society.Read moreFunctionalist Perspective on Social InstitutionsThe conflict theory experts further insist on getting rid of modern exams, as according to them all tests contain a knowledge base which is always culturally sensitive. On the other hand, the Conflict theorists look at education not as a social benefit or opportunity, but as a powerful means of maintaining power structures and creating a docile work force for capitalism. The interactionists theory is relative to education in the sense that a teacher has more order on the students within a classroom set up therefore the performance of a student is majorly based on the teacher concept and effort (Brubacher 1962)The perspective of each theory The functionalists see education as a means of transmitting or perpetuating the core educational values from one generation to a nother. Additionally, they consider education as an important factor in separating the learners putting the basis of this distinction as merit. The conflict theorists on the other hand see the educational system as perpetuating the status quo by dulling the lower classes into being obedient workers to the higher classes. The interactionists on the other hand, focus on the influence of the expectations of the teacher on the learners performance (Rappa 1976)Expectations of education from each theory The functionalists expect that universal education should serve the society by centripetal the people within a society, and helping in transmitting the core values of the society. The conflict theorists expect that education will maintain inequality within the society, by preserving the power of those who are dominating the society. The interactionists expectations are that the teachers anticipation from the students should have an impact on their performance, regardless of its positive or ostracize nature (Rappa 1976). ComparisonThe functionalist and conflict theorists concur on that education is a appliance to be used for sieveing out the different learners. Further, the functionalists argue that schools sort students based on merit, while the conflict theorists argue that schools sort out students along class and tribal lines (Schon, 1983). The conflict theory puts more focus on competition between groups, while the functionalist theorists focus on balance and stability within a social system. Additionally, conflict theorists focus on society as made up of social relations characterized by inequality and change.Functionalism perceives the society as a complex phenomenon or system of interrelated parts workings together to maintain the desired stability (Brubacher 1962) Analysis of personal selected philosophy and philosopher Aristotle His philosophy is education for producing quality citizens who are virtuous. He further put term on human nature, habit and re ason as the vital forces to be expected from and through education. For instance, he considered repetition to be a key tool towards the development of good habits from the teachers systematic guidance of the different students (Schon, 1983).Aristotle put more weight on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of the subjects taught. Additionally, he argues that the explicitly important subjects include reading, writing and mathematics. Based on the discussion, it can thus be considered that Aristotles thinking fits into the ideas of the functionalist theory (Rappa 1976). Conclusion Having discussed the different educational theories, it can be argued that these educational theoretical models are paramount as far as education is concerned, as they bring about an understanding of how different people perceive education.Further, it is through these differences that different people come together and reason towards reaching a solid conclusion, which contributes to an advancement in the field of education because trough discussions new ideas are established. Additionally, these theories help the members of society realize diversity in their thinking and perception of things. References Brubacher, S. (1962). Modem Philosophies of nurture. New York Mc Graw Hill Book Co. Pg 114 Rappa, S. (1976). Education in a Free Society An American History. Philadelphia David McKay Company Inc. pp 59 Schon, D. (1983). The reflective practitioner. New York Basic Books.

12 Angry Men: Jury’s Conflict Involved on Verdict Essay

Any control board trial is bound to have rough sort of conflict involved when coming to a verdict. The portrayal of a murder case in the movie, 12 Angry Men, involves many different utilizations of conflict, as well as the nestes to conflict used by different characters. Almost every conversation in the film involves conflict, since the characters are all debating whether or not the boy be tried for murder is guilty or not, but at that place are a few scenes in which different types of conflict and different antennaes to conflict seem to stand stunned.The room in which the men are sitting and debating the case has a table with each of the men sitting about it. panel member crook one, who sits at the head of the table, takes on the role as the leader of the give-and-take by formatting how the voting goes and asking all members whether they agree to any decisions made. In one scene, the honest-to-god man with the summer cold comes over to jury member modus operandi one an d tells, stop being a kid. K. I. D. Kid. Jury member mo one responds, Just because I am trying to appreciation this thing organized? Here, you take the responsibility. Ill just keep my mouth shut, thats all. This scene is an example of Ego/Identity conflict because of the beliefs that the man with the cold sees jury member number one as being a kid because he is younger than him. Jury member number one seemed to take the responsibility of leading the group just because of his number, but the man with the cold seemed to bewilder upset and create a conflict with him because of his age.See moreSocial Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn stressThe different types of characters in the jury decision create many different examples of approaches to conflict. Jury member number two, the quiet man with the glasses, becomes the target of many of the other characters. When the men are all going around and explaining their reasons for why they feel the boy is guilty, Jury member numb er three interrupts and says, what about the switch-knife found in the mans chest? Jury member number two says, Wait a second, there are some people who havent talked yet, shouldnt we go in order? Jury member number three says, forget about the people who havent gone yet, be quiet will ya? This causes jury member number two to quiet down and not respond. This approach to conflict is an example of competing because of the win-lose outcome of the conflict. Jury member number three makes sure that he uses his alpha male status and shuts down jury member number two without any complaint.The last spatial relation is an example of conflict as well as the approach to conflict. When the men choose to make an unknown vote and one of them writes not guilty on the paper, jury member number three calls out the man who had grown up in the slums and says that he changed his vote because he fell for the preaching of the primary member who felt the boy was not guilty. After yelling at the man, t he old man at long last admits to changing is vote. Later, jury member number three attempts to apologize for calling out the man who grew up in the slums and he just passing games right past him without responding. This is an example of Ego/Identity conflict because jury member number three judged the man who grew up in the slums and expected him to change his vote because of his past. The approach to the conflict later is avoidance because the man who grew up in the slums chooses to not respond to the apology and walk right past the man without getting into any type of conflict.

College Students Poor Food Choices Due to Stress

College Students Poor Food Cho scraps Due To breed Rebecca Vlha divine Names University Part I Many college students develop eradicateing dis outranks or they may develop habits that forget make them obese in the future beca work of their bad habits that they acquire due to the tense up that they ar border under. Depending on what or how much each college student decides to participate in during their time being a college student. Stress is anything that is causing whizz uncomfortable emotions.Some examples of uncomfortable tinctureings might be anxiety, depression, feeling pres acceptedd, procrastination, troubled relationships with peers, non insideng well in academics, or not being economically successful. Students that live in the dorms may transfer on fattening foods at the coffee shopteria or treat themselves to fast food because they be emotionally unstable. Most of these college students as well do not think that their new habit is a negative adept. The reason why college students eat fattening, high sugar foods could be because of a mental or a biological satisfaction.This look into volition give an explanation for why many medicate their emotional states with food. Food choices are often do found on ones unhappiness, angst, or trauma. College students may feel as though sweet their mouths volition please their hearts and ease their state of try on. Many impart endorse preferring the taste of highly salted, high sugar content foods, while early(a)s volition state that this is the food they grew up take in, and roughly will say this is what is most affordable and accessible.Doing anything excessive because a breedor is acting upon you damages ones psyche when one eachplace eats and becomes obese, their sense of your self-image is altered negatively. The Cafe with buffets, fast food restaurants, and late night pizza deliveries are just a a few(prenominal) of the enticements that college students are facing as they adjust t o their new found freedom and life on their own for the first time. My freshman roomy was from Sweden when she came to America she was considered a normal weight down.However, as she was experiencing the college and had a lot of Ameri foot food on hand(predicate) she chose fast food and un red-blooded foods at the cafe at nurture to cope with being home sick, and being tenored out close school and soccer. However, she woke up one morning and realized that her belly was much bigger than when she first came to America. She w chip inled over to a mirror and grabbed her stomach and said, how come youre stomach is not this big? We almost do the resembling things. I said, I knew it was secretly a dream of yours to be thick so the vitamins I gave you the other night were for you to get big overnight.This just relieved the tension and she had gotten her insecurity off of her chest. However, it did not solve her psychological crisis that had triggered negative feelings about her ph ysical appearance. The main reason why she was over alimentation and feeding unhealthy was because she was depressed and missed home not because she was hungry. Many college students go through the same scenario that my roommate experienced. Some students feel as though abnormal eating habits that may involve either light or excessive food intake will comfort them physically and mentally.This research will be done on the college students who live in the dorms at Holy Names University. The units of analysis that will be observed are poor food choices and the factors of stress. Some study influences that that affect food choice are biological de margininants, economic determinants, physical determinants, social determinants, and psychological determinants. A mode of operation that drop be observed is the biological purpose that food serves to put together nutrients into our body. Humans need energy and nutrients in order to survive and will respond to the feelings of hunger or s atisfaction of appetite.The central nervous system is involve in controlling the balance between hunger, appetite stimulation and food intake. Palatability is proportional to the cheer someone experiences when eating a particular food. This aspect will most likely play a huge part in the decision making process for the food choices that college students make. Palatability is dependent on the sensory properties of the food such(prenominal) as taste, smell, texture and appearance. Sweet and high-fat foods have an undeniable sensory appeal.It is not surprising then that food is not solely regarded as a source of nourishment just is often consumed for the pleasure value it imparts. Another mode of operation that can be observed is the psychological factors that are in play during the decision making of making proper food choices. Stress and ones mood can modify behaviors that affect health, such as physical activity, smoking or food choice. The influence of stress on food choice is c omplex not least because of the mixed types of stress one can experience.The effect of stress on food intake depends on the individual, the stressor and the circumstances. In general, some people eat to a greater extent than and some eat less than normal when experiencing stress. Studies also advert that if work stress is prolonged or frequent, then adverse dietary changes could result, increasing the possibility of weight gain and consequently cardiovascular risk. Other than causing likely psychological insecurities, obesity can found on a plethora of health conditions, including heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, knee and joint problems, variant types of cancer and death. Bellise 2005) This require will be nomothetic it will be describing the study of food choices and agents of stress within the cohorts of undergraduates that live in the dorms, particularly on the C-floor level of Durocher, on the Holy Names University campus. This research will be done by u sing deductive reasoning. Sometimes this is called the top-down approach because the police detective starts at the top with a very broad spectrum, which would narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that can be tested.Stress can cause bad eating habits like impulsive eating, overeating, binge eating, or compensatory behavior. The identify variables and concepts involved in this study are stress and poor food choices. One should not use food to cope with stress and other negative emotions, because afterwards he or she will feel even worse. Becoming obese not only causes many physical disadvantages, but also can create psychological insecurities that must be dealt with. I will be using the Student Stress Survey (SSS) that measures the major sources of stress among college students.Also, I will be using a Eating clothing Questionnaire (EHQ) to measure how healthy ones choices are when they make decisions about food. Some contributing indicators for stress are anxiety disord ers, weight problems, depression, premature aging, heart disease, chronic fatigue, high blood pressure, memory expiry/brain fog, migraines, PMS, sleep problems, seasonal affective disorders, joint disorders, and sexual dysfunction. The peculiar thing is, that the indicators for having malnutrition are similar.However, when relations with bad eating habits, one who isnt getting enough food or nutrition or one that doesnt have enough food or nutrition, can also have more serious indicators like cancer, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, advanced aging, hormonal imbalance, and a decrease of hepatic function. The level of cadence that will be utilized during this research is mainly ordinal. This research will focus on cardinal dimensions, food choice and level of stress. This allows the research to demonstrate how stress affects ones all around health.During this research, there will be two different types of surveys that will be combined and put into one leading surmount measuremen t. This research will ask HNU students, qualitative questions that are open-ended, sampling questions or scenarios that make individuals contemplate about their food decisions and how it can be used to medicate depression. This is a collective case study that introduces a typology that is useful when selecting participants in multiple-case studies. This typology centers on a parallel sampling design.A parallel sampling design represents a body of sampling strategies that facilitate credible comparisons of two cases. Unfortunately, there can be a few open ended scenarios where someone could have just been eating badly for that week or some food is more convenient during a time period than another. Another thing to take into tale is that perhaps some deal with stress differently than others. Part II This research will take place through the Holy Names University dorm rooms and I will be expiry door to door, starting with the people that live on my floor, then to the people that live above and to a lower place me in Durocher.These students are all undergraduates that are not freshmen. I will be asking as many people as I can later that night because that is when most of my peers are available to sit down and take a survey. The reliability for this experiment should be accurate because this is a replicated study of a survey and a questionnaire that have already been tested and have ways of measuring how discerp ones stress is and what food choices one makes. This study has the ability to perform the exact same way every time it is being tested and it will be showed under the same conditions.The validity that will be focused on during this experiment is concurrent validity which measures the test against a set bench mark higher correlated indicators prove that my test has strong criterion validity. Therefore, those who rank higher in stress levels and also rank high in eating unhealthy prove my theory true. The Survey EHQ instructions * This is not a test. Th ere isnt a right or wrong answer. * Read or listen to each question carefully and think about it before you guide an answer. * To choose an answer, put an X next to your choice. Choose only one answer for each question unless you are asked to choose more than one. * If you want to change an answer, erase your old answer and mark your new choice. Be sure to erase completely. * Do not skip any questions. What Gender do you fall under? ___Male ___Female suit the food in each line that you think is better for your health. 1. ___cookies OR ___an apple 3. ___chocolate cake OR ___an orange 4. ___ice cream OR ___fresh fruit cup 5. ___whole draw OR ___low-fat or skim milk 6. ___frozen yogurt OR ___ice cream 7. ___french toast OR ___whole wheat toast . ___grilled chicken sandwich OR ___hamburger 9. ___baked potato OR ___french fries 10. ___fruit juice OR ___soda 11. ___donut OR ___bread 12. ___cold or ready-to-eat cereal OR ___eggs and bacon 13. ___green salad OR ___popcorn 14. ___raisins OR ___candy halt 15. ___pasta OR ___pizza Check the box under YES or NO to answer the side by side(p) questions if you have experienced this at Holy Names University based off of the availability to the Cafeteria and a securities industry store near by In the last 2 weeks, did you ever. . . YES NO 16. Eaten fruits for bereakfast? 17.Eat fruits or vegetables that you had never seek before? 18. Eat a new grain, such as brown rice, bulgur or pita bread, that you had never tried before? 19. Eat fresh fruit instead of a candy bar? 20. Eat eggs instead of a bagel for breakfast? 21. Eat six or more servings of grains, such as cereals, rice, spaghetti, and other noodles each day? 22. Use Nutrition Facts labels to choose low-fat foods? Mark the derive to a lower place that best describes your opinion of the Holy Names University cafeteria program. The numbers mean 1 I strongly equalise I agree 3 I discord 4 I strongly disagree 23. It offers food that I lik e. 1 2 3 4 24. It offers food that is good for my health. 1 2 3 4 25. It offers new foods to try. 1 2 3 4 26. It offers foods that taste good. 1 2 3 4 27. It offers a variety of foods that I will eat. 1 2 3 4 28. It offers the full spectrum of the food pyramid every meal 1 2 3 4 29. The students amongst HNU have intercourse eating at the cafeteria 1 2 3 4 Please use the number ratings below to show how much you agree with the following statements 1 I strongly agree I agree 3 I disagree 4 I strongly disagree 30. Foods such as ice cream, chips and cookies are okay to eat, but not all the time. 1 2 3 4 31. Snacks such as fruit, pretzels, lowfat yogurt or low-fat cookies can be an important part of a healthy diet. 1 2 3 4 32. Its okay to eat anything you want, whenever you want. 1 2 3 4 This research is determined by a collective point system set up to determine how healthy ones eating habits/food choice is. The dominant answers for the two option question (A represents the first option and B epresents the second option) will be posted below with the numbers it correlates with. Numbers one through fifteen 1-5)B 6)A 7)B 8-10)A 11-12)B 13-15)A. For the yes/no questions, if one choses yes then they score two points, and if they say no then they get one point. For the one-four scale part of the questionnaire, either intensity levels of feeling 1 and 2 score two or one points or 3 and 4 score two or one points. If you agreed with questions 25, 27, 31 and if you disagreed with questions 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32 you received one point you will receive two points.SSS To determine your stress score, add up the number of points corresponding to the events you have experienced in the past 12 months. 1. Death of a close family member (100 points) 2. Death of a close friend (73 points) 3. Divorce between parents (65 points) 4. Jail term (63 points) 5. Major individualized injury or illness (63 points) 6. Marriage (58 points) 7. Firing from job (50 points) 8. Fa iling a class (47 points) 9. convince in health of a family member (45 points) 10. Pregnancy (45 points) 11. Sex problems (44 points) 12. Serious parentage with close friend (40 points) 3. Change in financial status (39 points) 14. Change in scholastic major (39 points) 15. Trouble with parents (39 points) 16. New girl-or boyfriend (37 points) 17. Increase in workload at school (37 points) 18. Outstanding personal achievement (36 points) 19. First quarter/semester in college (36 points) 20. Change in living conditions (31 points) 21. Serious argument with an teacher (30 points) 22. Lower grades than expected (29 points) 23. Change in sleeping habits (29 points) 24. Change in social activities (29 Points) 25. Change in eating habits (28 points) 26.Chronic car trouble (26 points) 27. Change in the, number of family get-togethers (26 points) 28. Too many missed classes (25 point) 29. Change of college (24 points) 30. Dropping of more than one class (23 points) 31. Minor traffic viola tions (20 points) 32. Roommate problems (15 points) _________Total Points Heres how to interpret your score. If your score is 500-645, you are at high risk for developing bad eating habits because you are more stressed. If your score is 200-350, you have a 50-50 chance of experiencing a serious effect on your health based on your level of stress.If your score is below 150, you have a less serious chance of your stress level interfering with your food decision making. Bibliography Carol Olander. Eating habit questionnaire. 1999. 3/13/13 http//www. nncc. org/ evaluation/nutrition5. html. Dr. France Bellisle. The Determinants of Food Choice . 08/03/2013. 3/09/12 http//www. eufic. org/article/en/expid/review-food-choice/. Grilo, C. M. , White, M. A. (2011). A controlled evaluation of the distress criterion for binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(4), 509-514. doi 10. 1037/a0024259 Grossbard, J.R. , Atkins, D. C. , Geisner, I. M. , Larimer, M. E. (20 12). Does depressed mood sustain the influence of drive for thinness and muscularity on eating disorder symptoms among college men? Psychology of Men Mascularity, doi 10. 1037/a0028913 Mackinnon, S. P. , Sherry, S. B. , Graham, A. R. , Stewart, S. H. , Sherry, D. L. , Allen, S. L. McGrath, D. S. (2011). Reformulating and undergraduate women A short term, three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(4) , 630-646. doi 10. 1037/a0025068 Morehead State University . Stress Survey. 2011. 3/12/13 http//www2. oreheadstate. edu/leo/index. aspx? id=6299. Stice, E. , Rohde, P. , Shaw, H. , Marti, C. N. (2012). Efficacy trail of a selective precention program targeting both eating disorder symptoms and unhealthy weight gain among female college students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(1), 164-170. doi 10. 1037/a0026484 Tylka, T. L. , Kroon, V. D. (2013). The intuitive eating Scale-2 Item refinement and psychometric evaluation with college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(1), 137-153. doi 10. 1037/a003089310. 1037/a0030893. supp (Supplemental)

Using “Too much punch for judy” as a stimulus

In the second lesson we had to act tabu A dark on the town in the form of comfort images, we did this in a group of four (myself, Luke, Reece and lee). Our stimulus for this line of work was our own visualisation from reading the script. In the first deuce scenes we had a split stage, establishing devil men and two women getting install for their night out, in doing so we wanted to create apposition so the audience can clearly differentiate between the two groups of people in the still image.In the third scene we had to show a still image of the two men ceremonial the two women in the bar we (me and Reece) had to enhance our facial expressions and body language to seem attracted to the women (Luke and Lee). What we did to show that we was interested in the two girls was assimilate our line of sight directly on them, and our bodies had to be very man give care and facial expressions were inquisitive, we made this possible by raising our eyebrows and having wide eyes, and o ur heads were leaned seat at an angle, to show that we be checking them out.Lee and Luke had to close themselves from the audience, and have them facing the floor, to show shyness. We did this to show a regular(prenominal) night out in a bar, it was a convention. Towards the end of the lesson we had to develop the still images into a role play, using chat up lines and other explorative strategies. In the first scene we had both groups getting ready for their night out, at the same time, exactly this time we added movement, and speech.Myself and Reece playing the two men, was from east London, so we had a typical cockney accent , and slow and heavy movement, to create a sense of presence. To make the two women to start acting, we marked the moment by using the line come on mate, its not like were gonna crash. After that line was said that was the cue for Luke and Lee to start their performance, they were two typical women from Essex with their role play they enhanced the women b y having feminine movements and doing typical gestures for example putting on compensate and asking if this outfit looks nice? The next scene involved us in the bar, we stared with the men enter the bar before the women, and theyve already settled with a drink. With our characterisation we had created two typical men looking for for women to chat up to in a bar, we had a calm and smooth tone to our voices to signify this. erst the two women entered the bar, we froze with a still image that we use in the first exercise, to continue the performance I pretended to whisper in to Reeces ear Im having the one on the left. We had a spilt stage where the two groups spoke between each other, trance the other group mimed in the background. This was through so the audiences could understand what the men and womens intentions were. Each group talked almost their feelings for the person they want to chat-up with, we did this reside the audience as we are revealing our purposes in this perf ormance. To end our performance Reece walked up to Lee and used a cheesy chat-up line so we can finish off with a bit of drollery the line was Hey babe, Ive got the pencil and youve got the sharpenerJust after that line we went straight into a still image, to show the shock on all our faces as if to say, that was the worst chat-up line used. In another lesson we had to watch a short advertisement more or less drink driving, and the effects on alcohol on people. We had to create a short awareness advert that shows the effects of drunk driving, and a way to stop driving while intoxicated with alcohol. Our group consisted of, me (driver), Brandon (passenger), Binte (passenger) and Tyrell (passenger).We came up with a basic outline for a performance. The story was the four of us went on a typical night out and got drunk and decided to drive home, as short as I put the key in the ignition we froze, symbolising that I was having a vision, but was unaware of it. We then used realism to imitate us driving along in a key, by doing standard protocols, or missing them and then realising what happened, we did to show the audience that drinking can long-play your reaction and thinking process . hence suddenly Brandon announces that he has another drink in his pocket, this causes a brawl in the car as we fight for the drink, then Tyrell, who is the front seat passenger , reaches roughly and kicks the steering wheel, causing the car to go astray and collide into a tree, to portray the crash we threw our bodies in different directions as if we got thrown out, we did this as it was naturalism, as its natural to get throw about in car crash and go in a completely different direction .Then we re-wound the whole journey, including the crash, this was us using physical theatre and cross-cutting, we did this to enhance and engage the audience as it would be much more interesting to watch instead of simply just cutting back to the firs scene.When we got back to the first scene when I put the key in the ignition we stopped, and then we cut out all sound and I had a quick thought track, while the others were miming in the background, I talked about my vision and what is about to happen, we returned to the performance by Tyrell hitting me and saying hurry up lets go like he did the first time, to show that this was the real world now. I suddenly said No Were not driving then suddenly we pictured another car hitting a tree, which would have been us, this was the repellent from driving.

Alarm over Dramatic Weakening of Gulf Stream Essay

disconnectedness teem and the extension it has on atomic number 63 is said to be a powerful Atlantic circulating(prenominal) that has its origin in Gulf of Mexico all the way to Africa crossways the Atlantic Ocean. It is the one that influences the climate in the North American coast as well as the coast in Europe. It is overly used as a start of renewable energy for the generation of power. Gulf bombard is a strong current that usually meets with other ocean currents and rain is formed. It in any case transports water system in the form of waves and also helps the rivers that drain in the Atlantic Ocean.It forms rain as the current is able to cool off the water that is draining in the Atlantic Ocean thus evaporation takes gravel and falls in form of rain. Since the current is the one that is controlling the climate in the region that it passes scientists rush warned that there is evidence of its weakening. This means that there argon areas that the current will cool thus preventing human beings activities from taking place. According to George et al 1995, this will lead to reduction of global cordiallying in the proximo until 2015.This is evident as the warm water that comes from tropical Atlantic is cold when it gets to the north of Atlantic. This is non to label that the climate will change badly as it might be thought. According to the akin source the Gulf teem is said to have weakened in the past decades and this has been caused by global warming. The efficacy that the current has, when measured it has been found to slow by 30%. This has made the circulation to slow down and if it remain so the temperatures in some countries are promising to drop same in Britain.It is also not clear whether the weakening is long term or short term. The reason why temperatures are likely to change is because the current transports heat from regions that are equatorial to the circle of the Arctic. This makes the water in the surface to warm as the curre nt releases the heat as it goes to the north where it is cold. Global warming affects the current by slowing it down. This is because global warming has caused melting of the water in the mountainous regions to melt and makes the water less saline solution thus cooling cannot take place.In Paris Little Ice Age that started in Europe is as a result of the weakening of the Gulf Stream. This is because there is warm water that enters River Thames and cannot allow it to cool to how it was in the past. This has also changed the weather in the region. The weakening has been explained in the British journal Nature. The Gulf Stream has been blamed because the warm water that it takes from the tropical regions to the coastline in Europe has cause severe weather changes in the regions that it passes through. There is also evidence in the sediment cores from where the Gulf Stream enters.There are planktons that are evident in these cores and this depends on the isotope that is present in oxyg en. The isotope is dependant on the salinity of the water. This is what shows the density of the water in the sea. According to scientists there is evidence that there are changes that are taking place in the Gulf Stream. They say that if the Gulf Stream did not have any influence Britain and Siberia could have the same latitude. In the past Greenland Sea had dense water sinking but since today it meets the Gulf steamer currents it warms up and the result is that the water becomes warm.This has caused the water to become warm and affect the animals that are present in the water. Chimneys are the dense water that used to sink and this has reduced and thus weakening the Gulf Stream current. The ice in the sea is said to be getting thinner and thinner. Other scientists from Cambridge University have corroborate the weakening of the Gulf Stream and that Europe is likely to be cold than in the past. This is because of the fact that the loudness at which the current is flowing is slower than in the past. They have also said that the chimneys that were present in the Greenland Sea are no longer there.It is because of these chimneys that the world is experiencing the climatical changes that are taking place. They have also predicted that the waters are going to remain as they are and that temperature in Britain is going to drop in the next decade. (Taylor, et al, 1992 p. 920) The weakening of these temperatures is going to cause no melting of the snow that falls in countries like Finland and France. This will cause glaciations to begin because there will be an increase in the reflectivity of the planet. The Gulf currents is also said to affect the other currents that it meets as it travels.There are also some climatic changes that are likely to occur in the future but they are not known. It is also intercommunicate that the currents will continue to slow down in the future. Work Cited George, D. G. and A. H. Taylor, UK lake plankton and the Gulf Stream. Nature, 19 95, 378, 139 Taylor, A. H. , Colebrook, J. M. , Stephens, J. A. and N. G. Baker, Latitudinal displacements of the Gulf Stream and the abundance of plankton in the north-east Atlantic. J. of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1992, 72, 919-921.

Economic Term and Healthcare History Essay

During history, health c atomic number 18 economics has miscellanead considerably. The main reason that stimulant drug change in health attending economic are technology and checkup care, however a make do has to do with evolutionary changes that the U.S. endured from the beginning. It is very essential to comprehend health care cash period of time scheme and economic history. Administrators use this data to help organize the future of the corporation. In this paper, I picture to use the terms to elaborate on the history and evolution of health care economics and the timeline of finance. out front the family of 1990, there was not a significant health care in America. American medical association was just starting, individual were using home remedy to treat illnesses, physician was making house call and trade service for good, clinic were just getting started, and there were no such thing as health insurance. However, among the age of 1901 and 1940 health care and treatme nt made some significant change. Clinic became much necessary Antibiotics were found, improvements were made in cleanliness, and individuals came up with ideas for employment benefit. Also, individuals came up with ideas for health insurance. In the year of 1960 social security has been carried out, Medicare & Medicaid contracted into law, and Health Insurance Company were coming up all over (PBS, 1960). In the year of 1970, HMO came in effect, and the cost of health care started going out of control and increasing. Since we place massive value on health, health care end up costing a lot. Health is so important to us that it go beyond the staff we have. The number of years specialist applies in training the more money government uses on public health.Also, health insurance plans provide by establishment are result as the significance society put on health care. about important, the fact that what physician provide is important to us, we are willing to spend a lot on their train ing. Health care cost continues to increase over the past 50 years. This causes a problem for the immemorial and low income individual. For example, elderly and low income people relatives are not able to get health treatment. Duringthe break down 10 years, government have pushed for a landed estateal health care body. On March 23, 2010 the low-priced Care Act become enact (HHS, 2010). This is to modernize the health care business, making sure individuals are able to get health insurance and service, reduce insurance scam, and reduce the cost of health care. In the year of 2014, this is thought to be complete. Economics, microeconomics (particular aspect economic related to slopped), macroeconomics (general aspect economic related to firm), Supply, demand, Inelasticity, elasticity, and tax income domestic product (total trade value). When concerning with Economics, it is good to explore and test ways to organize and finance the system in order to improve long-suffering care. At its most basic level, health care is a handful of financial transactions, in which patients are obtaining insurance, physicians and hospitals provide services, pharmacies provide medications, and insurance companies deliver for those goods and services. So to agnise health economics, you must follow the money. When tracing the flow of funds through the health care system, its important to be aware that the money trail is constantly shifting, changing direction and size.Most important, the cultivation is to improve the economy of health services, fund innovative and cost-effective medical procedures, cut the costs of health insurance, improve the nations health through pr pointtion and better nutrition, and eliminate graft and rot in the health care manufacturing while raising it to a level thats fast(a) with the rest of the world. When concerning with supplying and demand, competitive markets use prices to allocate goods and services to customers who want them the most ( in monetary terms) and to pay suppliers for producing those goods and services (Thomas E. Getzen, 2007). Most real markets and virtually all medical markets depart to some degree from the mannequin of perfect tilt. Nevertheless, its a useful starting point for evaluating the economic forces that shape human transactions, even when time, pain, risk, and tradition cause substantial deviations from the simple model. The demand fold has been discussed at length. But what about supply? Again, its vital to note that the economic concept of supply is always a supply curve. A supply curve is a graph (or schedule) that shows the total amount of a good that deal outers wish to care at each price. This curve emphasizes change, allowing us to focus on a range of replies indicating how firms will leave the amount supplied as the price increases or decreases. Just the demandcurve the marginal benefit curve showing how people the market willing pay for more unit good perfect competition the supply curve marginal cost curve showing how much paid induce the market provide more unit. Firms facing inelastic demand see that the total revenue goes down when they move more units. Firms facing elastic demand find that profits increase when prices are reduced to sell more units. Firms facing unit elasticity see that total revenues remain unmoved.Most medical care is relatively inelastic. Pain, critical needs, fear of risk, and insurance tend to decrease the role of price in patient decision making. Note what happens to a firm that sells more of an inelastic good Because increasing the quantity interchange by 2 percent requires a substantial decline in value, perhaps 10 percent, the firm loses money. Most hospitals face very inelastic demand, especially for emergency services, yet they charge less than profit-maximizing prices. Why dont they charge more if doing so would increase profits? The reasons are many, ranging from the want to help the poor to administrative controls over allowable changes. Also, the sensitivity to price change today is importantly less than the ultimate response to a price change in the long run. Some medical goodsespecially those for which consumers have several choices and enough information in advance of purchase, such as allergy medicationsare price elastic.For these goods, total revenues would decline if prices were increased. Thus, its more likely that a medical supplier facing elastic demand is behaving more like a standard profit-maximizing firm. However, price controls, inner norms about overcharging, and other deviations from perfect competition may still be significant, even in the more price-sensitive medical markets. In conclusion, history health care economics has changed considerably. The primary reason that stimulus change in health care economic are technology and medical care, however a lot has to do with evolutionary changes that the U.S. endured from the beginning. It is very essential to comprehend healt h care cash flow system and economic history. Administrators use this data to help organize the future of the corporation. Because change healthcare improve the delivery health services fund and medical procedures cut the costs health insurance improve the nation health prevention and better nutrition and eliminate graft and corruption the health care industry while raising it is steady the rest the world Most significant, in this paper I enlarge on the history andevolution of health care economics and the timeline of finance using the term.ReferencesHHS. (2010, March). Key Features of the affordable Care Act. Retrieved from U.S Department of Health & Human Services http//www.hhs.gov/healthcare/facts/timeline/index.html PBS. (1960). Healthcare crisis History. Retrieved from http//www.pbs.org/healthcarecrisis/history.htm Thomas E. Getzen, J. M. (2007). The Flow of specie Through the Health Care System. Retrieved from Wiley Pathways Health Care Economics https//newclassroom3.phoeni x.edu/Classroom//contextid/OSIRIS42330586/context/co/ think/activityDetails/activity/699329c0-2f30-4b04-b7f8-5fbcc80d8738/expanded/False