Complexities of Normal Behavior - 1913 Words

The concept of being â€Å"normal† is one that is often spoken being the front of conversation, spoken with much defence and controversy. In contrast, this topic is spoken about with great â€Å"hush† because it is seen as a taboo in society; due to the sensitive issue of an individual’s expected behaviour. On the other hand, the topic of â€Å"abnormal† is often given a similar light to the idea of being â€Å"normal†. Many psychologist have tried to explain one of these labels often using the starting point of normality, then any behaviour that deviates away from this is seen as abnormal. However, as many psychologist and theorists have found there is much more complexity behind each label, this is due to diversity of people, cultural relativism and mixed societies within the world all trying to define their own concept of what is â€Å"normal† and â€Å"abnormal† human behaviour. It is very difficult to draw a solid line from where normality begins and finishes becoming abnormal. Through-out time there have been many explanations that try to establish a genderalisable definition for abnormal behaviour. One of which is deviation from social norms, under this explanation behaviour is classed as abnormal if it deviates away from the unwritten customary rules of society that a coordinate our behaviour within a particular society or culture Young, H (2007). Social norms are hugely context dependent and vary heavily through different cultures and religions. The changing of times also has anShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Simulation and Optimization1541 Words   |  7 Pageshowever does not drive to an optimal solution. Simulation also enables a user to visualize real world behavior of an â€Å"optimal solution† derived from the optimization. Simulation models are best suited for decision analysis, diagnostic evaluation, and project planning. Supply Chain Optimization VS. Simulation The biggest challenge when conducting Supply Chain Optimization is the overall complexity of a model, which increases as more variables are introduced. Running an Optimization model requiresRead MoreCause Effect of Columbine Shooting832 Words   |  4 PagesJennifer Leho Sociology 109 October 17, 2010 Crime amp; Deviant Behavior Deviant behavior is any behavior that violates social norms and is disapproved by a group in society. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold are a prime example of deviant behavior. These two children embarked on murder massacre, killing twelve students and one teacher, injuring twenty-one others. The pair then committed suicide after their devilish act. The children were both bullied daily at school. One friend of the deviantRead MoreMental Duality Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesvolitions. This was based on the idea that at one exact point in time, a person seemed capable of realizing and reacting to only one stream of thought. Likewise, there was also a behavior-based argument to reject Puccetti’s hypothesis. This objection, unlike the introspective, asked the reader to examine the behavior, more specifically the volition, of others. In looking at others, it appeared fairly simple for the reader to reject dual minds, because, anecdotally, it never seemed like people behavedRead MorePersonality Testing And The Benefits Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pages1995). Although, this may have more to do with the complexity inherent in human personalities and inconsistencies in defining work performance than an actual lack of an established relationship (Cohen et al., 2013). Another primary goal of personality tests is to predict work behavior; specifically, discouraging counterproductive work behaviors (i.e. theft, absenteeism, dark personality traits, etc.), while also encouraging positive work behaviors, such as leadership and teamwork (Beaz III, 2013)Read MoreThe Brave New World Essay859 Words   |  4 PagesThe Brave New World has a lot of complexity and topics that are still relevant in the 21st Century. Throughout the novel one of the themes that caught my attention was how the World State uses social programing to structure their society. The society is being taught not to think about change, follow orders, have a sexual life, and be happy by using soma. Sexuality is all over the book to the point were it got uncomfortable. The following quote explains how Fanny is having a conversation with LeninaRead MoreAn Attachment Theoretical Framework For Personality Disorders1532 Words   |  7 Pagesantisocial personality disorders. This theoretical groundwork pairs breadth and parsimony to the conceptualization of Bowlby by suggesting that because of the durability of working models, attachment behavior in adolescence and adulthood is an unequivocal continuation of infant attachment behavior. Attachment beyond infancy is evaluated by using instruments, such as The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). The AAI involves assessing the internal working models developed during earlier in life, howeverRead MoreAdhd : A Part Of The Western Culture928 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Western Culture. People are familiar with the term, treatment and some behaviors that ‘shows’ its existence; and since it has become part of the culture itself it is considered as something relatively normal -or at least common. Both sides of the debate agree on the fact that the behaviors called ADHD do exist, but is it a biological disease? A conduct disorder? Or are we as humans trying to narrow our behaviors in the way where anyone who is not as ‘efficient’ as us are considered to be ‘sick’Read MoreQuestions On Design Of Technical Systems Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pages8834875144 AME 503 Paper Study 2 INTRODUCTION As specified in the paper Complexity in Design of Technical Systems, an exact definition to the meaning of the word complexity is a matter of debate and discussion. It is not to be mistaken for anything but the complexity involved while designing or modifying a technical system or rather an engineering system. The paper is vigorous in mentioning the existence of two main complexities that needs special attention dawned upon them while designing the systemRead MoreUnderstanding Schizophrenia Essay examples1617 Words   |  7 Pagesprogress every day. To find a cure for schizophrenia, scientists must first understand the disease itself. Over the years, professionals have come up with a fairly accurate definition: When a persons thinking, feeling, and behaving are so far from normal so as to interfere with his or her ability to function in everyday life, and delusions, hallucinations, or irregular thinking or emotions are produced, then he or she has a mental illness called schizophrenia (Smith 19). The most common symptomsRead MoreHybrid Electronics Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesdesign improvements of FHEs depend on the prediction of mechanical and failure behavior. Debonding of electronic components from the flexible substrate is one of the most common and critical failures of these components, therefore, experimental determination of material and interface properties is of great importance in the prediction of failure mechanisms. Traditional interface characterization involves isolated shear and normal mode tests such as the double cantilever beam (DCB) and end notch flexure

Case Study A Plastic Pipe Manufacturer, Was Not An...

Being able to increase productivity and revenues has always been the greatest challenge of any manager, and the manager of RL Wolfe, a plastic pipe manufacturer, was not an exception. Because of the low-efficiency percentage RL Wolfe had in comparison to their its competitors, John Amasi, director of Production and Engineering , had no other choice then came up with a new way of improving RL Wolfe production methods. 1) Compare and contrast the new plant to the old in terms of work design. Identify and rank order the most challenging problems and describe possible solutions. John Amasi attempteds to implement self-directed teams in order to increase their productivity. Being able to make their own decisions would reduced the time of production time significantly. But such improvement did not come easy, many impasses showed in his way because of the differences between the way things were made and the way Amasi wanted to be. The decision making was one the first differences to face, in order to fulfil this task, employees were empowered by the managers in order to be able to make daily decisions, whichthat were usually made by the headquarters, that being done, a good alternative for improving this process would make a retroactive way of teaching, employees with seniority should eventually start teaching new recruiters and repeat the cycle. The second problem they face was the develop of job assignments, for this matter, training was also the obvious and more accurateShow MoreRelatedInnovative Building Materials3856 Words   |  16 PagesPolyurethane Cement-bonded wood fibre Cement-bonded polystyrene beads The majority of forms are made of foam insulation, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), and are either separate panels connected with plastic connectors or ties; or pre-formed interlocking blocks connected with plastic or steel connectors or ties. Most forms have vertically oriented furring strips built into the forms on 6†, 8†, or 12† centres which are used to secure interior and exterior finishes. Different ICF systems alsoRead MorePlastic Waste Management3881 Words   |  16 PagesPlastic Waste Management 1. Plastics Waste: Environmental Issues and Challenges The quantum of solid waste is ever increasing due to increase in population, developmental activities, changes in life style, and socio-economic conditions, Plastics waste is a significant portion of the total municipal solid waste (MSW). It is estimated that approximately 10 thousand tons per day (TPD) of plastics waste is generated i.e. 9% of 1.20 lacs TPD of MSW in the country. The plastics waste constitutes two majorRead MoreBuilding a Microbrewery6939 Words   |  28 Pagesimported beer market and are able to command a premium price for their products. †¢ Pub breweries are illegal in some states (and you know the status in your state). †¢ Licensing and distribution laws are different from state to state and in some cases not clearly defined or are in a state of flux (You know where you stand in your state). †¢ It is going to take a lot more money than you originally thought to get into the brewing business in the right way. †¢ Mankind has been brewing beerRead MoreMattel Case Study8764 Words   |  36 PagesMattel Case Study - Presentation Transcript 1. no. 1-0013 Mattel, Inc: Vendor Operations in Asia Only 3% of the world’s children are here in the U.S. Our biggest opportunities are in growth outside the U.S. – Jill Barad President CEO Mattel, Inc. The sun was just breaking over Kowloon Harbor. From his corner office, Ron Montalto gazed across the water and watched the early morning light reflect off Hong Kong’s famous downtown skyline. Only 24 hours ago Ron had been riding around the CarolinaRead MoreProject On Chassis Assembly And Its Stages8454 Words   |  34 PagesEngineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh under my supervision. MR. SUMIT SHARMA DEPARTMENT OF MAE ASET, Noida Preface In this project of chassis assembly we are going to study about different things. We will learn what is a chassis, how does it get assembled, what are the stages of chassis assembly and which parts or components get bolted to it. We will also learn about the types of chassis, material used for making it andRead MoreCivil Engineering10763 Words   |  44 Pagesproduce other materials which may be used in construction is called construction material. construction material are: Cement,sand ,water.   Concrete,   Lime,   Stones, Paints and Varnishes,    Wood and Timber, Engineering Metals, Bituminous materials and Plastics,   Rubber and Glass, Miscelleneous materials, http://www.aboutcivil.org/engineering-materials.html Cement Bricklayer Joseph Asp din of Leeds, England first made  portland  cement  early in the 19th century by burning powdered limestone andRead MoreBraun Ag: the Kf 40 Coffee Machine13786 Words   |  56 Pages9-990-001 DESIGN MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE CASE STUDY Braun AG: The KF 40 Coffee Machine This case study came from the Case Study Research and Development Program at the Design Management Institute’s Center for Research. The Center conducts research and develops educational materials on the role of design and design management in business success. Case studies, the Design Management Journal, reprints from the Journal, and other educational materials are available from the Design Management InstituteRead MoreBraun Ag: the Kf 40 Coffee Machine13776 Words   |  56 Pages9-990-001 DESIGN MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE CASE STUDY Braun AG: The KF 40 Coffee Machine This case study came from the Case Study Research and Development Program at the Design Management Institute’s Center for Research. The Center conducts research and develops educational materials on the role of design and design management in business success. Case studies, the Design Management Journal, reprints from the Journal, and other educational materials are available from the Design ManagementRead MoreKnowledge Transfer From MNC Parent To China Subsidiary9814 Words   |  40 PagesSchool of Business, National University of Singapore, 1 Business Link, Singapore 117592, Singapore b Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University, Newark, OH, USA c International Enterprise Singapore, Singapore Abstract Based on an empirical study of 62 firms, this paper develops a two-stage model describing knowledge transfer from MNCs to their China subsidiaries. In the first stage, the model proposes factors affecting the extent of knowledge contributed by an MNC to its China subsidiary.Read MoreExxon Mobile Capstone40455 Words   |  162 Pagesnatural gas market, current economics clearly favors oil production over natural gas production. However, conventional oil reserves are dwindling, with companies struggling to find new oil; this is recently illustrated by the unfavorable spotlight that was thrown on ExxonMobil regarding its dubious reserve replacement ratio. This raises more questions needing to be address: How will ExxonMobil be able to successfully execute on its mission to produce more oil?; What type of new technological innovations

Bureaucracyr Organizational Free Essays

According to Max Weber, ‘Bureaucracy’ means a centrally directed, systematically organized and hierarchically structured staff devoted to the regular, routine and efficient carrying out of large-scale administrative tasks according to policies dictated by, rulers or directors standing outside and above the bureaucracy. Such a staff, as Weber rightly saw, tends to become rule-bound, functionally specialized, elevating impersonality and esprit de corps. But ‘bureaucracy’ has also meant the opposite of organizational efficiency and effective centralized control: red tape, slowness of procedure, reluctance to take a decision, the unnecessary multiplication of people, rules and forms — a connotation achieved by singling out for attention unfavourable secondary features or tendencies of bureaucratic structures. We will write a custom essay sample on Bureaucracyr Organizational or any similar topic only for you Order Now The term ‘bureaucracy’ has been included in, but also contrasted with, the more general concept of administration. Sometimes this is done by seeing bureaucracy as a formal and impersonal mode of administration, sometimes by seeing bureaucracy as that form of administration where administrators (the bureaucrats, the officials) have become the real rulers, arrogating to themselves privilege, power and control. An Organizational structure defines how job tasks are formally divided, grouped and coordinated. The main elements to consider while designing an organizational structure are Work Specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization and decentralization and formalization. The most common Organizational designs found in use are ? Simple or Flat structure ? The Bureaucracy ? The Matrix structure ? The Team Structure ? The Virtual Organization ? The Boundaryless Organization The paper discusses the major advantages of all the above designs and all are compared with bureaucracy and the real contribution of bureaucracy is arrived at the end of discussion. Then the role of bureaucracy in improving the efficiency of the organization is elucidated. The impact of a low level bureaucracy is then discussed and its role in efficiency is discussed. Then the impacts of high level bureaucracy are discussed. Finally, the paper concludes by stating that a moderate level of bureaucracy is good for increasing the efficiency of the organization. Advantages and Disadvantages of various Organizational designs The simple structure is characterized by a low degree of departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization. The strength of the simple structure lies in its simplicity. It’s fast, flexible and inexpensive to maintain and accountability is clear. One major weakness is that it is difficult to maintain in anything other than a small organization. The decision making becomes slow as the organization grows in size because of its low formalization and high centralization. A bureaucracy is characterized by highly routine operating tasks achieved through specialization, much formalized rules and regulations, tasks that are grouped into functional departments, centralized authority, narrow spans of control, and decision making that follows the chain of command. The primary strength of bureaucracy lies in its ability to perform standardized activities in a highly efficient manner. One of the major weakness of this structure is that it causes departmental conflicts and highly inflexible always following the rules. There is no room for modification The Matrix structure is characterized by dual lines of authority and combines product and functional departmentalization. IBM adopts a modified version of the matrix structure in its overall operations. The strength of this structure lies in its ability to facilitate coordination and efficient allocation of specialists. The major disadvantage lies in the confusion it creates, its prosperity to foster power struggles, and the stress it places on individuals. The Team structure uses teams as the central device to coordinate work activities. Companies like DaimlerChrysler, Saturn, Motorola and Xerox have made extensive use of self managed teams to improve productivity at the operational level. In smaller companies, the team structure can define the entire organization. For instance, Imedia, a 30 person marketing firm in New Jersey is completely organized around teams. This structure is highly unsuitable for large companies. A Virtual organization is a small core organization that out sources major business functions. Ancle Hsu and David Ji run a virtual organization. Their firm, California based Apex Digital, is one of the world’s largest producers of DVD Players, yet the company neither owns a factory nor employs an engineer. They contract everything out to firms in China. This is suitable for small and large organizations. The major advantage is the flexibility and the disadvantage is lack of managerial control in key aspects of business. The Boundaryless organization is an organization that seeks to eliminate the chain of command, have limitless spans of control, and replace departments with empowered teams. The discussion of various organizational designs indicates the flexibility and adaptable nature of other designs compared to Bureaucracy. This also reveals that in most situations, Bureaucracy is good when the weaknesses of the designs are studied. Role of Bureaucracy in improving the efficiency of the organization The Primary strength of bureaucracy lies in putting like specialties together in functional departments results in economics of scale, minimum duplication of personnel and equipments, and employees who have the opportunity to talk â€Å" the same language† among their peers. Further more, bureaucracy can get by nicely with less talented – and hence, less costly middle and lower level managers. The pervasiveness of rules and regulations substitutes for managerial discretion. Standardized operation, coupled with high formalization, allow decision making to be centralized. There is little need therefore, for innovative and experienced decision makers below the level of senior executives. This drastically cuts costs for the enterprise and improves the efficiency level drastically by obtaining high levels of economies of scale and spending less on employees. The bureaucracy is efficient only as long as employees confront problems that they have previously encountered and for which programmed decision rules have already been established. Impact of a low level of bureaucracy A low level of bureaucracy results in huge lack of control. Employees are at their will and decision making becomes a very cumbersome task. There will be a lot of outstanding orders and the work schedule will be way below the expected level. This considerably decreases the efficiency of the organization. In very rare cases, employees take up responsibility and achieve targets. Impact of a high level of bureaucracy A high level of bureaucracy is highly detrimental to the growth of the organization. This makes the employees to develop job insecurity and they feel to be continuously monitored. High level of bureaucracy is characterized by issuing orders and a logic to follow. There will be a lot of unwanted works and precious time will be spent in duplication of the same work in various levels of the organization. This curbs innovation and creativity leading to routine jobs and eventually leads to employee boredom. There will be no sort of an employee involvement in this situation. Employees work for long hours but the output will be way below the standards and there will be no motivation mechanisms to support the employees. This finally results in employee turnover. So, a high level of bureaucracy is to be avoided as it may arouse the employees against the management of the company. Weakness of Bureaucracy One of the major weaknesses of a bureaucracy is illustrated in the following dialogue between four executives in one company: â€Å"Ya Know, nothing happens in this place until we produce something, â€Å"said the production executive. Wrong commented the research and development manager, â€Å"Nothing happens until we design something†. â€Å"What are you talking about? † asked the marketing executive. â€Å"Nothing happens here until we sell something†. Finally, the exasperated accounting manager responded, â€Å"It does not matter what you produce, design, or sell. Now one knows what happens we tally up the results! † This conversation points at the fact that specialization creates subunit conflicts. Functional unit goals can override the overall goals of organization. The other major weakness of a bureaucracy is something dealing with the people who work in these organizations: obsessive concern with following the rules. When cases arise that do not precisely fit the rules, there is no room for modification. Conclusion Bureaucracy is efficient to the organization only when a moderate level exists. Both a low level of bureaucracy and a high level of bureaucracy will result in the inefficient operation of the enterprise without fully utilizing the resources of the company. A moderate level of bureaucracy will ensure that control mechanisms are in place and that employees are achieving their targets. This also allows the restriction of imposing rules and procedures to the employees and causing boredom. When a saturation point is reached, bureaucracy contributes greatly to improving the efficiency of the organization to a great level. Reference: †¢ Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behavior, Tenth Edition, Prentice Hall of India. Pg. 425-446, Pg. 523-535. †¢ Garry Dessler, Human Resource Management, Eastern Economy edition. Pg 465-479. †¢ Randy L. Desimone, Jon M. Werner and David M. Harris, Human Resource Development, Pearson education. Pg. 225 – 239 †¢ Cummings Worley, Organization Culture and Change , 2005, page 490 †¢ Merril Ewert D and Jennifer A King Rice. 2002 October. Managing Diversity: HRM Review. †¢ http://www. hrmguide. co. uk/history/classical_organization_theory. htm How to cite Bureaucracyr Organizational, Papers

Recycling Should Be Mandatory free essay sample

A used aluminum can is recycled and back on the grocery shelf as a new can, in as little as 60 days. Approximately 1 billion trees worth of paper are thrown away every year in the U. S. alone. That alone should be incentive to recycle. The option of recycling has been available for every American. Most people have not taken advantage of it and continue to just throw everything away. We are in charge of keeping earth clean, and frankly we arent doing such a great job even though recycling has been made easy. We are also running out of our nations natural resources. We may not be completely affected now by being so careless with what God gave us, but we have future generations to think about! God gave us this earth and we arent being grateful and respectful to it. Most people dont recycle because it is inconvenient for them, but all you really have to do is have a separate container by the trash can for recyclable goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Recycling Should Be Mandatory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People can recycle a vast amount of items like paper, plastic, glass, aluminum, metal, cardboard and so much more. Broward, like most other counties, offer convenient ways to recycle at home. They have the All-In-One single-stream system, where recyclables can all be placed together in the same container and picked up right at your house. Counties offer different pickup dates for the recycle, which is usually the trash pick-up day for your neighborhood. Because of the lack of recycling across our nation, we are running out of natural resources. When products are not reused, it causes companies to make their products off of virgin materials. This destroys more trees and forests. It also causes companies to dig for more oil, which pollutes the air and causes global warming. Ladies and gentlemen, that means our health is in our hands, we are making higher probabilities of getting sick! The ozone layer is thinning and there is no way to restore it but recycling can help. Recycling plastic saves twice as much energy as burning it in an incinerator. Our world does not have an abundance of natural resources and it makes no sense that we can not reuse the resources that we have already taken from the earth. Each day, Americans create enough trash to cover all of Rhode Island. If everyone does not start recycling our materials, we will eventually run out of space. You might also think, its not affecting you so it doesnt concern you, but do you really want future generations to end up like the movie, Wall-e? Im talking about how people lost respect for themselves and therefore lost respect for the earth, it became a massive dump and everyone was forced to move into a hovercraft in the air. Though that would be very cool, I would overall feel trapped being stuck on limited space. We shouldnt be so careless when there is an infinite amount of generations pending. Now think about if you want to have kids, do you want to bring them into a world that has been destroyed with waste? You are going to want to protect them from dangers, and you can start now by recycling. I believe recycling should become mandatory because we have no excuse for not conserving our natural recourses and saving our world from extinction.